Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448Cushing, Frank Hamilton
History
Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448
Cushing, Frank Hamilton
Zuni mythology
Not only were the external walls of these old villages of the plains
semicircular, as though built in conformity with the curved rock walls
of the hollows in the cliffs, but they were continuous. That is, in
all the rounded town ruins, except those which seem to have been
reconstructed in more recent times, the outer walls were built first as
great semicircular inclosures, hollow artificial cliffs, so to say, and
afterward the house walls were built up against them inside, not into
them, as they would have been had these outer and the inner walls been
built up together. Moreover, not only were the ground plans of these
towns of the plains semicircular, as though built in conformity with
the curved rock walls of hollows in the cliffs in ancestral fashion,
but the storerooms were also still tucked away in the little flaring
spaces next to these now outer and surrounding walls, instead of being
placed near the more convenient entrances fronting the courts. The
huts or sheds for the turkeys, too, were placed not in the inclosures
of the courts, but against and outside of these external walls of the
villages; and while many of the dead were buried, as in the cliff
houses, under the floors of the lowermost rooms, others of them, almost
always men, and notably victims of war or accident, were still buried
out beyond even the turkey huts. So both the turkey huts and some of
the graves of these round villages retained the same positions relative
to one another and to the "rearward" of the dwellings that had very
naturally been given them in the cliff villages; for in these, being
behind the houses and in the rear of the caves, they occupied the most
protected areas; while in the round villages, being behind the houses,
they were thrown quite outside of the villages, hence occupied the most
exposed positions, which latter fact would appear inexplicable save by
considering it as a survival of cliff-town usage.
The kivas, or assembly rooms of the round villages, were placed
generally in front of the houses facing the courts, as of old they had
been built in the mouths of the caverns, also in front of the houses
facing the canyons. Moreover, they were, although no longer in the
way, wholly or in part subterranean, that is, sunk to the level of the
court or plaza, as in the cliff towns they had been built (except where
crowding rendered it necessary to make them two-storied, as in some
cases) up the front slopes only to the height of the general cave floor
or of the lowermost house foundations.
Finally, there were no doorways in the lower stories of the rounded
villages, the roofs of which were reached by ladders; but in the upper
stories there were passages, some of which, although here no longer so
needfully small, were still economically fashioned as of old--wide at
the top, narrow at the base, like the T-shape granary avenues of the
cliff ruins.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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