Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448Cushing, Frank Hamilton
History
Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448
Cushing, Frank Hamilton
Zuni mythology
It is by this supposition only that the comparatively modern form
of the square and terraced pueblos built contiguously to the latest
abandoned of the cliff towns may be explained. For when the cliff
dwellers had become numerous enough to be able to maintain themselves
to some extent out on the open plains, it has been seen that they did
not consider their villages safe and convenient or quite right unless
builded strictly, in both general form and the relative arrangement of
parts, as had been for many generations their towns in the cliffs--did
not, it is reasonable to suppose, know at once how to build villages of
any other form. Thus we may confidently regard these round towns as the
earliest built by the cliff dwellers after they first left the cliffs.
The direction in which these cavoid or cliff-form or rounded village
ruins may be farthest and most abundantly traced, is, as has been said
before, to the southward into and through the land of Zuñi as far as
the cliffless valleys bordering the Rito Quemado region in southerly
central New Mexico, wherein lies the inexhaustible Lake of Salt, which
the early Spanish chronicles mention as the possession and source of
supply of the "salt in kernels" of the Zuñi-Cibolans.
Not only did a trail (used for such long ages that I have found it
brokenly traceable for hundreds of miles) lead down from the cliff-town
country to this broad valley of the Lake of Salt, but also there have
been found in nearly all the cliff dwellings of the Mancos and San Juan
section, whence this trail descends, salt in the characteristic kernels
and colors found in this same source of the Zuñi supply.
This salt, as occurring in the cliff ruins, is commonly discovered
wrapped in receptacles of corn husk, neatly tied into a trough-like
form or pouch by bands of corn-leaf or yucca fiber. These pouches are
precisely like the "wraps of the ancients," or packs of corn husk in
which the sacred salt is ceremoniously brought home in advance of the
cargoes of common salt by the Zuñi priests on each occasion of their
annual, and especially of their greater quadrennial, pilgrimages (in
June, after the planting) to the Lake of Salt. And it is not difficult
to believe that both the packs and the pilgrimages--which latter offer
many suggestive features not to be considered here--are survivals of
the time when the remoter cliff-dwelling ancestry of the Zuñi Corn
tribes ventured once in a period of years to go forth, in parties large
enough for mutual protection, to the far-off source of their supply of
salt.
Except this view be taken it is difficult to conceive why the "time
after planting" should have become so established by the Zuñis (who are
but two days' foot-journey from the lake, and visit its neighborhood at
other periods of the year on hunting and other excursions) as the only
period for the taking of the salt--to take which, indeed, by them or
others at any other season, is held to be dire sacrilege.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account