Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
The old University library, then, found its home in the upper room of
the old Congregation House, and there remained until the books were
moved to Duke Humphrey's library (1480). From that time till the
erection of Laud's Convocation House, the upper room was used as a
school of law, and also as another Congregation House, distinguished by
the name of "Upper." Meantime a salary was provided for a librarian,
who, besides taking care of the books in the upper chamber, was to pray
for the soul of the donors. Other books were acquired by the University,
either by purchase, bequest, or as unredeemed pledges. Some of these
were kept in chests, and loaned out on security like cash from the other
chests, whilst others were books given or bequeathed to the University,
which were kept chained in the chancel of the church, where the students
might read them. Others, in the upper room, were secured to shelves by
chains that ran on iron bars. These shelves, with desks alongside, would
run out from the walls, between the seven windows, in a manner clearly
shown by such survivals of mediæval libraries as exist at the Bodleian,
Merton and Corpus. The catalogue was in the form of a large board
suspended in the room. At first these books were open for the use of all
students at the specified times, but by later statutes (1412), made
when the library had been increased by further donations and time had
brought bitter experience, the use of them was stringently limited to
graduates or religious of eight years' standing in Philosophia. These
regulations were intended to provide against the overcrowding of the
small library, the disturbance of readers and the destruction of books
by careless, idle and not over-clean boy students. With the object of
preserving the books, a solemn oath was also exacted from all graduates
on admission to their degree, that they would use them well and
carefully. The lower room fulfilled its founder's intention, and here
the Congregation of regents met, whilst the Convocation, or Great
Congregation of regents and non-regents, was held in the chancel of the
church.
Here, then, we may imagine the Chancellor sitting, surrounded by doctors
and masters of the Great Congregation as the scene was formerly depicted
in the great west window of S. Mary's, and is still represented on the
University seal.
I have referred to the "chests" which were kept in the upper chamber.
This was in fact the treasure-house of the University, and here were
stored in great chests doubly and trebly locked, like the "Bodley" chest
in the Bodleian, the books and money with which the University had been
endowed for the benefit of her scholars.
Mr Anstey (_Munimenta Academica_) has given a brilliant little sketch of
the scene which the fancy may conjure up when the new guardians of the
chests were appointed and the chests opened in their presence.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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