Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
The Bamberg and Mazarin Bibles, the first two books to be printed from
movable type, had been produced by Gutenberg, Fust and Schöffer as early
as 1453. But it was not till 1477 that Caxton set up his press at
Westminster. A year later the first book was issued from an Oxford
press. This was the famous small quarto of forty-two leaves, "Exposicio
sancti Jeronimi in simbolum apostolorum," written by Tyrannius Rufinus
of Aquileia. The colophon of this book, however, distinctly states that
it was printed in 1468: "Impressa Oxonie et ibi finita anno domini
M.CCCC.LXVIIJ, XVIJ die decembris." But there is every reason to
suppose that an X has been omitted from this date and that the true year
was 1478. Such a misprint is not uncommon. Exactly the same error occurs
in books published at Venice, at Barcelona and at Augsburg. The
workmanship is very much the same as, but slightly inferior to, that of
the next two books which came from the Oxford Press in 1479. And in the
library of All Souls' there is a copy of each of these, which were
originally bound up together. A break of eleven years between the
production of the first and subsequent books is both inconceivable and
inexplicable.
The press from which these books and twelve others were issued at Oxford
during the eight years, 1478-1486, was apparently set up by one Theodore
Rood of Cologne. The first three books, however, namely the "Exposicio"
mentioned, the "Ægidius de originali peccato," and "Textus Ethicorum
Aristotelis per Leonardum Aretinum translatus," bear no printer's name,
but the type was either brought from Cologne or directly copied from
Cologne examples. It strongly resembles that used by Gerard ten Raem de
Berka or Guldenschaff. Still, it cannot be proved that Rood printed
these first three books, or that he ever used the type in which they
alone are printed. The colophon of the fourth book, a Latin commentary
on the "De Anima" of Aristotle by Alexander de Hales, a folio printed
from new type, gives the name of the printer, Theodore Rood, and bears
the date 1481. A copy of it was bought in the year of publication for
the library of Magdalen, where it still remains. The price paid was
thirty-three shillings and fourpence. A very beautiful copy of the next
book, "Commentary on the Lamentation of Jeremiah," by John Lattebury,
1482, is in the library of All Souls'. Four leaves survive in the
Bodleian and four in the Merton Library, of the "Cicero pro Milone," the
first edition of a classic printed in England. Two leaves of a Latin
grammar are to be found in the British Museum.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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