Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
It was in 1555, also, that Sir Thomas White, a rich merchant tailor who
had twice been Lord Mayor of London, chose the site of the suppressed
College of S. Bernard for his foundation, being guided thereto, as
tradition asserts, by a dream which warned him to build near a place
where there was a triple elm having three trunks issuing from one root.
Between his college and the Merchant Taylors' School in London White
established a connection similar to that between Winchester and New
College. The treasure of ecclesiastical vestments preserved in the
library, and the fact that Edmund Campion, the Jesuit poet and
conspirator, after whom the new Jesuit Hall in Oxford is called, was the
fellow chosen to preach the founder's funeral sermon, indicate the Roman
Catholic sympathies of the institution. Yet it was an alumnus of this
college, William Laud, whose body was laid in the chapel (1530), and
whose ghost, it is said, still haunts the library he built and the
quadrangle which owes its completion (1635) to his munificence, who
fixed the University in its sympathy with the High Church party of the
Anglican Church. The classical colonnades and the charming garden front,
wherein Inigo Jones combined the Oxford Gothic with the style which he
had recently learned to love in Italy, form a fitting background to the
most perfect of Oxford gardens (1750).
CHAPTER VIII
ELIZABETH, BODLEY AND LAUD
The University had declined sadly under Mary. Affairs were not at first
greatly improved when Elizabeth ascended the throne. "Two religions,"
says Wood, "being now as it were on foot, divers of the chiefest of the
University retired and absented themselves till they saw how affairs
would proceed." It was not long, however, before Queen Elizabeth
appointed a body of Visitors to "make a mild and gentle, not rigorous
reformation." The Edwardine system was for the most part restored; the
ejected fellows were brought back, whilst those who refused to comply
with the new Act of Supremacy were expelled in their turn. Of these the
largest number were New College men. The loss of these scholars did not
improve the state of learning at Oxford. But in 1564 the Earl of
Leicester became Chancellor, and it is in some part due to him that
order was restored and a regular course of studies once more
established.
Queen Elizabeth had been imprisoned at Woodstock during her sister's
reign, and some of the needlework which she did when she was there is
preserved at the Bodleian. The University had dispatched a deputation to
her, with a present of gloves and a congratulatory address upon her
accession; she now (31st August 1566) paid to Oxford a long-promised
visit.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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