Laud, William, Archbishop, election of, as chancellor, 308; statutes of, 308; University reforms of, 308, 309; suppression of Puritanism by, 308; general reforms of, 309; munificence of, in gifts, endowments, etc., 310 Learning, state of, during early Middle Ages, 65, 66 Lewes, battle of, 210 Linacre, Thomas, 244 Lollardism, centre of, at Oxford, 138, 139; stamping out of, 140; continued support of, in Oxford, and final suppression of, 140-143; students' riots in connection with, 217 Lutheranism, introduction of, by Cambridge students, 263; measures taken to stamp out, 263; arrest of adherents of, 263-266; proscription of heretical books, 266 _Mad Parliament_, the, meeting of, in Convent of Black Friars, 131 Margaret, Countess of Richmond, foundation of Colleges by, 232; of Readerships at Oxford and Cambridge, 235 Marsh (de Marisco) Adam, 100, 113 Marston Moor, battle of, 326 Martyr, Catherine, wife of Peter, 16 _Martyrs' Memorial_, 288 Mary, Queen, prosecution of Protestants by, 276 _seq._ Master of Arts, first mention of degree of, 88 Matilda, Queen, besieged by Stephen, 37; escape of, from Oxford Castle, 37 Merton, Walter de, founder of Merton College, 116 _seq._; statutes of, 120, 121 More, Thomas, 244, 246; execution of, 268 Morris, William, 355, 356 Naseby, battle of, 328 New Learning, the, at Oxford, 240, 241; Oxford students attracted to Italy by, 243; opposition of Old Learning to, 247; King and Wolsey supporters of, 247, 248 Northampton, defence of, by students during Wars of the Barons, 210 _Northerners_ and _Southerners_, main division of students into, 200; encounters between, 200-202; respective attitudes of, towards Lollardism, 217 Old Learning, rise of, against Greek and Heresy, 247 Osney, Monastery of, tale in connection with foundation of, 46, 47; beauty of, 47; destruction of, 47, 48; picture of, in old window, 48; famous bells of, 48, 49; mill at, used for powder factory, 319 _Our Lady in the Wall_, old hermitage known as, 112 Oxford, town of, legend of origin of, 61, 62 ---- vill. of, early existence of, 7; first religious community at, 7; first mention of, 22; old boundaries and roads of, 22; old tower of castle mound of, 25; natural defences of, 25, 26; gemots held at, 26, 27; assembly held at, to appoint Cnut's successor, 27; death of Harold at, 27; submission of, to Conqueror, 28; record of, in Domesday Book, 28, 29; old wall of fortification of, 30, 32; old entrance to, 30 ---- castle of, 33; additions to, and remains of, 34; romantic episode connected with, 34, 35; position of, 38, 39 ---- Charter granted to, by Henry II., 55, 56; crafts and guilds of, 56-59