---- quarrel of town of, with University, and penalty imposed on, for usurping jurisdiction, 75, 76, 77; insanitary condition of, in early times, 97; description of streets of, in mediæval times, 150; penalties incurred by citizens of, after riot on S. Scholastica's Day, 216; charter of, taken from and restored to, by Henry VIII., 271; reforms at, as to licensing, etc., introduced by Laud, 309; sympathies of, with Parliaments, 313, 314; entry into, of Parliamentary troops, 316, 317; evacuation of, by same, 317; entry into, of Royalist troops, 317; plan of defences at, 318; court established at, 319; description of spectacle presented by, at this time, 319-321; sitting of Parliaments at, 320; gaieties at, 320, 321; mustering of Royalists at, 324; siege of, by Fairfax, 328, 329; surrender of, 329; honourable terms granted to, by Fairfax, 329; Parliament convened at, 341; rise in price of provisions at, 341; Jacobite riots at, 349-351; later improvement at, 353, 354 _Oxford Gazette_, first appearance of, 341 Oxford, University of, possible origin of, 19; origin of, as given by Rous, and in Historica, 62, 63; controversy as to priority of, 63, 64; Alfred as founder of, 64, 65; independence of, 70; account of, by Giraldus Cambrensis, 70, 71; migration to, of scholars from Paris, 71, 72, 73; quarrel of, with town regarding Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, 75, 76; penalty imposed on, 76, 77; second migration to, of scholars from Paris, 77; privileges and customs of, 77, 78; first houses bought by, 81, 82; spirit of, as opposed to spirit of Church, 90; rise of scholastic philosophy at, 91; support of Lollardism by, 138 _seq._; articles drawn up by, for reform of Church, 144, 145; representatives of, at Constance, 145; precincts of, as defined in reign of Henry IV., 169; classes held to be "of the privilege of," 169, 170; number of scholars at, 170; attitude of, during Barons' War, 209; during struggle between Edward II. and the supporters of the Queen, 211; further privileges secured by, after riot on S. Scholastica's Day, 212, 215, 216; effect of lawlessness of students upon, 217; reforms adopted by, 218; causes of decay in prosperity of, 221; stagnation at, in fifteenth century, 226; political time-serving of, 231; gifts to, by Henry VII., 232; change in character of, at close of Middle Ages, 238; charter granted to, at request of Wolsey, 256; grievances arising from favour shown by crown to, 256, 257; struggle arising from grant of charter to, 257, 258; repeal of same, 258; confirmation of old charter of, and fresh disturbances at, 258, 259; called on to decide in favour of separation from Rome, 268; learning at, checked by early development of Reformation, 271; charter of, taken over by King, and restored, 271; visitation of, in 1535, 272; enforcement of "Edwardian Statutes" at, 273;