Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
The charming inner quadrangle, in which the library is, rejoices in the
name "Mob" Quad--a name of which the derivation has been lost. Like the
Treasury, it probably dates from about 1300. The high-pitched roof of
the latter, made of solid blocks of ashlar, is one of the most
remarkable features of Merton. The outer sacristy is on the right of the
main entrance passage to Mob Quad, and thence an old stone staircase
leads to the Treasury or Muniment room. Another passage from the front
quadrangle leads to Patey's Quad. The Fellows' Quadrangle was begun in
1608, and the large gateway with columns of the four orders
(Roman-Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite) is typical of the
architectural taste of the times. The quadrangle itself, very similar to
that of Wadham, is one of the most beautiful and charming examples of
late Gothic imaginable. It would have been a fortunate thing if this had
been the last building added to Merton. But it was destined that the
taste of the Victorian era should be painfully illustrated by the new
buildings which were erected in 1864 by Mr Butterfield. The architect
was eager and the college not disinclined at that time to destroy part
of the library and the Mob Quad. The abominable building which replaced
the beautiful enclosure known as the Grove, combines with the new
buildings of Christ Church to spoil what might have been one of the most
beautiful effects of water, wood and architecture in the world--the view
of Oxford from the Christ Church and Broad Walks.
Inspired by the example of Merton and a similar dislike of monks and
friars, Walter de Stapeldon, the great Bishop of Exeter, ordained that
the twelve scholars whom he originally endowed (1314) should not study
theology or be in orders. The society, afterwards known as Exeter
College, was housed at first in Hart Hall and Arthur Hall, in the parish
of S. Peter in the East, and was intended by the founder to be called
Stapeldon Hall. In the following year he moved his scholars, eight of
whom, he stipulated, must be drawn from Devonshire and four from
Cornwall, to tenements which he had bought between the Turl and Smith
Gate, just within the walls. The founder added a rector to their number
and gave them statutes, based on those of Merton, which clearly
indicated that his object was to give a good education to young laymen.
The college was practically refounded in 1566 by Sir William Petre, a
successful servant of the Tudors. Of the pre-reformation buildings,
nothing unhappily remains save a fragment of the tower. The rest is
seventeenth century or nineteenth, the front on Turl Street dating from
1834, and the unlovely "modern Gothic" front on Broad Street from 1854.
Sir Gilbert Scott, who designed the latter, destroyed the old chapel and
replaced it with a copy of the Sainte Chapelle.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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