Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Hillie Plantinga and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcriber's notes: The following typographical errors have been corrected: Page v, "Romana" changed to "Romano" (by Giulio Romano, Francesco Penni,) Page 59, "Bulletino" changed to "Bullettino" (in footnote [38]: See Henzen, _Bullettino dell' Instituto_, 1863,) Page 91, "Réceuil" changed to "Récueil" (in footnote [51]: Léon Rénier: _Récueil des diplomes militaires_) Page 120, "Ardentina" changed to "Ardeatina" (S. Petronilla on the Via Ardeatina) Page 131, "Venedetto" changed to "Benedetto" (the master-mason Benedetto Drei, whose drawing,) Page 147, "Winckelman" two times changed to "Winckelmann" (Fea and Winckelmann assert and Winckelmann attributes their rapid decay) Page 185, "in" changed to "is" (the urn of Agrippina is kept in the courtyard) Page 208, "Emmanuele" changed to "Emanuele" (southwest corner of the Piazza Vittorio Emanuele) Page 273, "astrinum" changed to "ustrinum" (it was an _astrinum_ where corpses were cremated) Page 314, "Bulletino" changed to "Bullettino" (in footnote [148]: _Bullettino di archeologia cristiana_) Page 327, "Nicolas" changed to "Nicholas" (from the time of Pope Nicholas I.) Page 369, "Cèrceo" changed to "Circeo" (defeats the Saracens off Cape Circeo) Page 373, "Guilio" changed to "Giulio" (di Papa Giulio, 254;) [Illustration: BATTLE BETWEEN CONSTANTINE AND MAXENTIUS (_From a painting by Giulio Romano, Francesco Penni and Raffaellino del Colle_)] PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN ROME BY RODOLFO LANCIANI AUTHOR OF "ANCIENT ROME IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DISCOVERIES" _PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED_ [Illustration: The Riverside Press] BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY =The Riverside Press, Cambridge= 1893 Copyright, 1892, BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO. _All rights reserved._ _The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A._ Electrotyped and Printed by H.O. Houghton & Co. CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER I. THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROME FROM A PAGAN INTO A CHRISTIAN CITY 1 CHAPTER II. PAGAN SHRINES AND TEMPLES 51 CHAPTER III. CHRISTIAN CHURCHES 107 CHAPTER IV. IMPERIAL TOMBS 168 CHAPTER V. PAPAL TOMBS 209 CHAPTER VI. PAGAN CEMETERIES 253