Pagan Origin of Partialist DoctrinesPitrat, John Claudius
Religion
Pagan Origin of Partialist Doctrines
Pitrat, John Claudius
Catholic Church -- Controversial literature; Future punishment; Universalism
St. Justin, a Platonician philosopher, was born at Naplouse, Palestine,
in 103. He was converted to Christianity in 133. He wrote the following
works: Exhortation to Gentiles; two Apologies of the Christian religion,
the one to the emperor Antonine, and the other to the emperor
Marcus-Aurelius; a Dialogue with the Jew Triphon; a treatise on
Monarchy, or Unity of God; and an Epistle to Diognet, in which he states
the reasons why Christians left the worship of the gods, and did not
adopt that of the Jews. He composed other works, but they exist no more.
The main editions of his works are those of Robert Etienne in 1551 and
1771, in Greek and Latin; that of Commelin in 1593, in Greek and Latin;
that of Morel in 1656, and that of Don Marand in 1742, in folio. All
these editions, and afterwards that of Migne, we have compared in the
voluminous library of the theological seminary of Brou, France, where we
have been ordained a priest. Although there were alterations of the
text, we did not find any passage referring to the dogma of endless
hell. True, addressing the Romans, he says: "Come, O Romans, to find
instruction! Formerly I was like you, now be what I am. The power of the
Christian religion has enlightened me, and freed me from servitude to my
senses and passions: it has afforded me peace and serenity. The soul
thus free is sure to reunite to her Creator, because it is right that
she return to him from whom she emanated." But this passage neither
explicitly nor implicitly supposes that he believed, or that the first
Christians believed, in endless hell; it is simply a Platonician and
Christian doctrine, in regard to the purity of our soul which is worthy
of God only when unstained. However Bailly, a Catholic theologian, says
that on page 74 of the first Apology there is a passage proving his
belief in endless hell. We did not find it.
Meliton, bishop of Sardes, Lybia, under the reign of Marcus-Aurelius,
presented to this emperor an Apology of the Christian religion, in 171.
Eusebe and several other authors praise it. Only a few fragments of it
are found in the Bibliotheca Patrum; in none of them is a question of
the dogma of endless hell.
Athenagoras, a Platonician philosopher, was converted to the Christian
religion, and presented, in 177, an Apology of the Christian doctrines
to the emperors Marcus-Aurelius and Lucius-Aurelius-Commode. He
justified the Christians, who were charged by the Pagans with atheism:
with sacrificing and eating a child in their assemblies; and with
indulging to impudicity. In this Apology he ascribed to God but a
general providence; and he expressed the Platonician opinion, that
angels, or spirits, had the government of this world. He admitted that
there were pains and rewards in the future life. Let us not infer from
this that he referred to the dogma of endless hell. No; he merely meant,
by those pains and rewards, the Platonician doctrine about
Metempsychosis.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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