[48] In the palace of Firûzâbâd the dome is of stone, but at Sarvistân it is of brick. The construction of the squinches at Chehâr Qapû is not like that of the Firûzâbâd squinches, but it is exactly similar to the Sarvistân work. Dieulafoy, _L’Art antique de la Perse_, vol. iv, Plates 5 and 14. Sarvistân is much nearer in date to Chehâr Qapû, see below, p. 92. [49] Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad III, 163, quoted by Lammens, ‘La Bâdia et la Ḥîra sous les Omaiyades,’ _Mélanges de la Faculté orientale de Beyrouth_, vol. iv, p. 95. [50] Lammens, op. cit., p. 92. In this brilliant article, and in a series of studies on the Umayyad khalifs, published in the same journal, Lammens has restored to the Umayyad period, which was neglected or wilfully misrepresented by Mohammadan historians, its capital importance. See too Musil, _Qṣeir ‘Amra_, p. 150 et seq. [51] Lammens, op. cit., p. 106. Sir Charles Lyall me the following note: ‘I feel considerable doubt as to Lammens’s theory that the word ‘ḥîrah’ was used in the time of the Umayyads. The word is Syriac, not Arabic. See Nöldeke, _Sassaniden_, p. 25, note 1.’ [52] Ed. Wright, p. 46. See too John of Ephesus, iii, 42, where al-Mundhir’s sons are described as pitching a great ḥertâ in the desert. [53] Nöldeke, _Die ghassanischen Fürsten aus dem Hause Gafna’s_, p. 47. [54] Possibly at Djâbiyah. Teano; _Annali dell’ Islam_, vol. iii, p. 928. [55] De Vogüé, _La Syrie centrale_, vol. i, p. 69; Bell, _The Desert and the Sown_, p. 125. [56] De Vogüé, op. cit., vol. i, p. 71. [57] Dussaud, _Mission dans les régions désertiques de la Syrie moyenne_, p. 31. [58] Bruno, Meissner, ‘Von Babylon nach den Ruinen von Ḥîra und Huarnaq,’ _Sendschriften der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft_, No. 2, p. 18. [59] Le Strange, _Lands of the Eastern Khalifate_, p. 76, n. 1. [60] Ṭabari, ed. de Goeje, Prima Series, p. 853, Bell. _Amurath to Amurath_, p. 141 [61] Nöldeke, _Perser und Araber_, p. 79. [62] Rothstein, _Die Dynastie der Lakhmiden in al-Ḥîra_, p. 15. Ṭabari does not mention this fact, though he quotes a poem by ‘Abd al-’Uzza in which Sinimmâr is alluded to as ‘al-’ildj’, the stranger, non-Arab. _Ṭabari_, vol. i, p. 852. [63] Yâqût, vol. ii, p. 375. [64] Rothstein, op. cit., p. 115. See Massignon, _Mission en Mésopotamie_, vol. i, pp. 32 et seq., for Lakhmid topography. Sir Charles Lyall calls my attention to a verse of al-Aswad ibn Ya’fur in which he gives a list of the Lakhmid buildings: al-Khawarnaq, al-Sadîr, Tzâriq, and ‘the pinnacled castle of Sindâd’. [65] _Encyclopédie de l’Islam_, under Anbâr. The site was ancient. [66] _Reisebeschreibung_, vol. ii, p. 236.