[315] For the latter see Jaussen-Savignac, _Mission archéologique en Arabie_. A number of the tombs are dated, and the learned fathers of St. Étienne, in publishing the inscriptions, have given us a solid basis for the evolution of the Ḥedjr tomb. For the Petra tombs, Brünnow-Domaszewski, _Provincia Arabia_, vol. i; and Dalman, _Petra und seine Felsheiligtümer_, and _Neue Petra-Forschungen_. The material was brilliantly reviewed by Puchstein, _Jahrbuch des k. d. arch. Instituts_, 1910, vol. xxv; _Arch. Anzeiger_, p 3. [316] Egypt, as Puchstein has observed, was always the dominant influence. The form and origin of Nabataean tombs goes back to the time of the Pharaohs, _Arch. Anz._, 1910, p. 40. [317] Jaussen-Savignac, tomb A 5, p. 357. [318] Idem, pp. 414 et seq. [319] Domaszewski suggested that they were the graves of Greek merchants, _Prov. Arabia_, vol. i, p. 15. [320] Puchstein, op. cit., table, p. 35. [321] Jaussen-Savignac, op. cit., p. 382; the tomb called Al-Ferîd. [322] Delbrück, op. cit., pt. ii, pp. 170, 173. [323] Tomb of the legate Sextius Florentinus, Brünnow-Domaszewski, vol. i, p. 170; Corinthian grave, idem, p. 168; No. 34, idem, p. 172. Al-Dair, idem, p. 187; the Storied tomb, idem, p. 169; the Khazneh, idem, Plate 2, and _Palestine Exploration Fund Annual_, 1911, p. 95. See Hittorff, ‘Pompeii et Petra,’ _Revue arch._ N.S., vol. vi, p. 7. [324] Wall paintings in Alexandrian tombs and at Boscoreale. Athenaeus gives a description of a tholos on the state barge of Ptolemy Philadelphos, and Vitruvius a description of a wall painting at Alabanda, which Studniczka compares with the Khazneh. _Tropaeum Trajani_, p. 66; Thiersch, ‘Die Alexandrinische Königsnekropole,’ _Jahrbuch des k. d. arch. Instituts_, vol. xxv, 1910, p. 67. A free-standing tholos, placed upon a pluteum or attic, appears upon the tomb of Absalom at Jerusalem, which Puchstein dates in the first half of the first century A.D. See Perrot-Chipiez, vol. iv, p. 279. [325] This should be compared with Dr. Herzfeld’s drawing of the façade with conjectural restorations in the north wing. Sarre-Herzfeld, _Euphrat- und Tigris-Gebiet_, vol. iii, Plate 41. I doubt whether any of the columns were furnished with bases. [326] Delbrück, _Hellenistische Bauten_, pt. ii, p. 129. [327] Butler, _Ancient Architecture in Syria_, p. 132; east church at Bâbisqâ. [328] Idem, p. 150; chapel at Kfair. [329] Bronze tablet found at Ephesus and ivory diptych in the British Museum, _Mschattâ_, pp. 266 and 277. [330] Pointing inwards on the apse at Qalb Lôzeh, and pointing outwards on a doorway at Bashmishli; Butler, _Anc. Arch._, pp. 223 and 239. [331] _Ocheïdir_, p. 41. [332] At Al-’Âshiq; _Amurath_, p. 238, and Herzfeld, _Sâmarrâ_, p. 40. Also round the windows of the great mosque at Sâmarrâ; _Amurath_, Fig. 142; Herzfeld, _Erster vorl. Bericht_, Fig. 1.