I fear that even now, after so much has been written, the facts are not always well known--certainly they have often been misrepresented. It is my desire, as far as possible, in these pages to summarise those facts which seem most important, while giving a sketch of the mode of research whereby they were brought to light. C. R. C. _Note._--The maps illustrating this volume have been revised by Major Conder, who is more especially responsible for those of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and of Modern Palestine. The geological sketch-map embodies Major Conder’s researches, as also the important explorations of Dr. K. Diener in the Lebanon.--ED. CONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER 1 I. EXPLORATIONS IN JUDEA 22 II. THE SURVEY OF SAMARIA 59 III. RESEARCHES IN GALILEE 83 IV. THE SURVEY OF MOAB 134 V. EXPLORATIONS IN GILEAD 171 VI. NORTHERN SYRIA 190 VII. THE RESULTS OF EXPLORATION 214 APPENDICES:-- NOTE ON JERUSALEM EXCAVATION 247 INDEX OF OLD TESTAMENT SITES IDENTIFIED IN PALESTINE 252 INDEX OF NEW TESTAMENT SITES IDENTIFIED IN PALESTINE 262 INDEX 267 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS. _FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS._ 1. A Pictorial Map of Jerusalem and the Holy Land for the use of Pilgrims (_from a MS. of the 13th Century in the Burgundian Library at Brussels_) _Frontispiece_ 2. The Plain of Jericho, as seen from Ai _to face page_ 35 3. The Dead Sea (view S.E. of Taiyibeh) " 43 4. Alphabets of Western Asia " 173 5. Jebel Sannin (Lebanon) " 192 _ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT._ Portrait of Dr. Robinson (_from a photograph_) _page_ 16 Portrait of Sir C. Wilson (_from a photograph by Maull & Fox_) " 17 Portrait of Sir C. Warren (_from a photograph_) " 18 Desert of Beersheba " 53 Kurn Sartaba " 68 The Jordan Valley (’Esh el Ghurab) " 73 A Camp in the Jordan Valley " 80 Mount Tabor " 86