There is a very closely allied species abundant in certain parts of the flooded lands or “gapó” of the Rio Negro, which is much used for thatching. The leaves being cut, the leaf-stalks are doubled and hitched on side by side to a strip of “pashiúba,” and secured with “sipós” (which are the air-roots of _Arums_ and other plants). They are said to make one of the most durable kinds of roof, and are much used for covering the semicircular “toldas” of canoes. They are also considered the best material for lining baskets of salt, and persons often go several days’ journey to procure them for both these purposes. I had no opportunity of closely examining the species which produces these leaves, and which is called “Ubim,” in contradistinction to the other allied species which are termed “Ubimrana” (false ubim), “Ubim de cotiwiya” (Agouti’s ubim) and other such names, and all of which, though sometimes used as substitutes, are said to be much less durable. [Illustration: Pl. XXV. W. Fitch lith. Ford & West Imp. GEONOMA RECTIFOLIA. Ht. 8 Ft. ] PLATE XXV. GEONOMA RECTIFOLIA, n. sp. Ubimrána, _Lingoa Geral_. This little species is nearly allied to the last. It reaches six or eight feet in height and has the stem distinctly jointed and the leaves persistent some way down it. The petioles grow very upright, and there are three or four pair of long, narrow and rather rigid leaflets, the terminal being the largest. The spadices are numerous from the axils of the lower leaves, and are small and simply branched; and the fruit is very small, round and black. This palm may be distinguished from _G. paniculigera_, to which it is most closely allied, by its very long narrow leaflets and much more erect habit; and by its smaller and less-branched spadices growing lower down on the stem, often below the leaves. I found it in a few localities only on the Upper Rio Negro, growing in the sandy Catinga forest near the margin of the river. A fruit is represented on the Plate of the natural size. Genus MANICARIA, _Gærtner_. Male and female flowers in the same spadix. Spathe fusiform, fibrous, complete, breaking open irregularly. Male flowers with twenty-four to thirty stamens. Female flowers (situated below the male) with three sessile stigmas and twelve rudimentary stamens. Stem short, thick and irregularly ringed. Leaves very large, entire and rigid, the sheathing bases persistent. Spadices simply branched, growing from among the leaves, nearly erect. Fruit large, hard, somewhat triangular or three-lobed and three-seeded, externally very rugose. Only one species of this genus is known, which inhabits the Lower Amazon at the level of the sea. [Illustration: Pl. XXVI. W. Fitch lith. Ford & West Imp. MANICARIA SACCIFERA Ht. 40 Ft. ] PLATE XXVI. MANICARIA SACCIFERA, _Gærtner_.