Next, we have to notice the deckle or boundary straps (Q) which regulate the width of the paper, travelling at the same rate as the wire, and thus limiting the spread of pulp. The “dandy” roller (P), is employed to give any impression to the paper that may be required. We may suppose for instance, that the circumference of that roller answers exactly to the length or breadth of the wire forming a hand mould, which, supposing such wire to be fixed or curved in that form, would necessarily leave the same impression as when employed in the ordinary way. Being placed between the air boxes, the paper becomes impressed by it when in a half formed state, and whatever marks are thus made, the paper will effectually retain. The marks seen in Specimens 2, 3, 4, and 5, have been occasioned by a hand mould, those in 6, 7, 9, and 11, are impressions given by a dandy roller. The two rollers following the dandy, marked (R) and (O), are termed couching rollers, from their performing a similar operation in the manufacture of machine-made papers, to the business of the coucher in conducting the process by hand. They are simply wooden rollers covered with felt. In some instances, however, the upper couch roll (R) is made to answer a double purpose. In making writing or other papers, where smalts, ultramarine, and various colours are used, considerable difference will frequently be found in the tint of the paper when the two sides are compared, in consequence of the colouring matter sinking to the lower side, by the natural subsidence of the water, or from the action of the suction boxes; and to obviate this, instead of employing the ordinary couch roll, which acts upon the _upper_ surface of the paper, a hollow one is substituted, having a suction box within it, acted upon by an air pump, which tends in some measure to counteract the effect, justly considered objectionable. Merging from those rollers the paper is received from the wire-gauze by a continuous felt (S), which conducts it through two pair of pressing rollers, and afterwards to the drying cylinders. You will observe, that the paper, after passing through the first pair of rollers, is carried along the felt for some distance, and then turned over, in order to receive a corresponding pressure on the other side, thus obviating the inequality of surface which would otherwise be apparent, especially if the paper were to be employed for books. The advantage gained by the use of so great a length of felt, is simply, that it becomes less necessary to stop the machine for the purpose of washing it, than would be the case if the felt were limited in length to its absolute necessity.