Outline of the Conclusions arrived at 233 PART III. ART CHAPTER X Art and Life Tolstoy’s Account of the Nature of Art 236 Of the Standard of Art 241 Of the Purpose of Art 241 Criticism of his Conclusions 245 Art, Man’s expression of Life 246 Art and Beauty 251 Order and Change as Principles of Life and Art 253 Classification of the Arts 254 Examples of the Presentative Arts—(_a_) Architecture 256 (_b_) Ornament 259 (_c_) Music 261 The Representative Arts—(_a_) The Plastic Arts 265 (_b_) Dancing 270 The Evocative Art: Literature 271 The Union of Music and Poetry 272 Conclusion 273 APPENDIX A _Sum ergo Cogito_ 275 APPENDIX B Co-operation and Competition 279 APPENDIX C Is Life worth Living? 282 APPENDIX D St. Francis the Poet 285 APPENDIX E Isabella and Claudio 288 Index 295 PARALLEL PATHS PART I: BIOLOGY CHAPTER I THE ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN “The wisdom of the divine rule is apparent not in the perfection but in the improvement of the world.”—Lord Acton.