Parasites: A Treatise on the Entozoa of Man and Animals: Including Some Account of the EctozoaCobbold, T. Spencer (Thomas Spencer)
Science
Parasites: A Treatise on the Entozoa of Man and Animals: Including Some Account of the Ectozoa
Cobbold, T. Spencer (Thomas Spencer)
Helminths; Parasites
“The first phase is characterised by intestinal disorder, produced by
the development of the larvæ in large numbers, and their adhesion to
the mucous membrane of the intestine. In this stage M. Davaine has seen
rabbits die with intense diarrhœa; one of two cats which he fed with
trichinised meat had diarrhœa for at least a fortnight, but survived. Of
five or six rats fed on a similar diet, one only, which was pregnant,
died of diarrhœa, after abortion, on the eighth day. According to M.
Leuckart, the passage of the embryos of Trichinæ through the intestinal
walls sometimes produces peritonitis. This intestinal phase often
becomes blended with the next; it may be relieved by the expulsion of
the worms by means of the diarrhœa, or may cease with the natural death
of the worms.
“The second stage presents general symptoms--muscular pains, &c. These
phenomena are dependent on the introduction of the Trichinæ into the
muscles; they rapidly acquire their maximum intensity, and have not a
long duration. The appearance and duration of this stage are in complete
relation with the development and length of sojourn of the Trichinæ
in the intestines; in fact, in this entozoon, oviposition is not slow
and of long duration, as in many nematoid worms; the genital tube is
rapidly formed, and the ova, in its whole length, are developed almost
simultaneously, so that the embryos, arriving soon at maturity, are at
once thrown out in large numbers into the intestine, and the mother
Trichina dies exhausted. If it be remembered that the embryos do not
escape before the eighth day, that a certain number of days are required
for their arrival in the muscles, and that new ones are not produced
after six or seven weeks, it will be understood that the first symptoms
of this stage can scarcely appear until the end of a fortnight after
ingestion of the diseased food, that they must continue four or five
weeks, and that after this they may disappear. This course of events is
observed in animals; and in man the symptoms of this stage have shown
themselves and become aggravated from the third to the sixth week after
infection. Most animals die during this stage; rabbits rarely survive;
rats, on the contrary, generally resist it.
“If the animals do not die of the general symptoms or local disturbances
proper to these two stages, the inflammatory symptoms cease, respiration
becomes natural, and order is re-established. But, in some cases, the
number of cysts formed in the muscles are sufficiently great to impede
them in the proper exercise of their functions, and hence arises general
debility, a kind of consumption which persists or becomes aggravated,
and the animal dies of marasmus. M. Davaine has noticed this in rabbits,
but especially in a rat.
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