_Distoma Sinense_, Cobbold.--The discovery of this species is due to Prof. J. F. P. McConnell, who “on the 9th of Sept., 1874, found a large number of flukes in the liver of a Chinese, obstructing the bile ducts.” The species measures 7/10″ in length, by 1/7″ in breadth, the eggs being 1/833″ by 1/1666″. Dr McConnell showed in his original memoir that the worm cannot well be confounded with _Fasciola hepatica_, with _Distoma lanceolatum_, or with _D. conjunctum_. In this conclusion he was supported by Dr T. R. Lewis, who examined the specimens with him. In a letter communicated to the ‘Lancet,’ quoted above, I proposed the nomenclature here given; but Prof. Leuckart, unaware of this step, afterwards suggested the terms _Distomum spatulatum_. Later on I received numerous specimens from Calcutta, the examination of which enabled me to confirm the accuracy of the original description. As regards the male organs in the subjoined figure, it will be seen, by comparing the lettering and references, that I have interpreted the facts of structure somewhat differently from Prof. McConnell. [Illustration: FIG. 3.--The Chinese fluke (_Distoma Sinense_). _a_, Oral sucker; _b_, œsophageal bulb; _c_, intestine; _c′_, cæcal end; _d_, ventral sucker; _e_, genital pore; _f_, uterine folds; _g_, ovary; _h_, vitellarium; _i_, vitelligene duct; _k_, upper seminal reservoir; _l_, testes; _m_, lower seminal pouch; _o_, vas deferens; _p_, pulsatile vesicle; _p′_, water vessel. After McConnell.] In the month of December, 1874, a Chinese died in the Civil Hospital at Port Louis, Mauritius, whilst he was under the care of Dr William Macgregor, chief medical officer of the Colony of Fiji. The post mortem revealed the presence of a very great number of flukes in the bile-ducts. Dr Macgregor described these parasites with great care, and having favored me with a copy of his manuscript I at once recognised the worms to be identical with the species discovered by McConnell. I also received through Dr Henry Clark, of Glasgow, two Mauritius specimens, which when compared with the Calcutta examples proved to be specifically identical. Dr Macgregor’s paper, communicated to the Glasgow Medico-Chirurgical Society, gives full particulars of the helminthiasis associated with this parasite, whilst both his and Prof. McConnell’s account of the structure of the worm are remarkably complete in details, and well illustrated. It is not a little curious to notice that although these parasites were obtained in countries far removed from China, they were in both instances taken from Chinese; moreover, from the statements of Macgregor, it appears very probable that the parasites in question are a common source of liver disease. Without doubt oriental habits are eminently favorable to fluke infection, for we are now acquainted with four species of flukes whose geographical range is limited to eastern parts.