Parasites: A Treatise on the Entozoa of Man and Animals: Including Some Account of the EctozoaCobbold, T. Spencer (Thomas Spencer)
Science
Parasites: A Treatise on the Entozoa of Man and Animals: Including Some Account of the Ectozoa
Cobbold, T. Spencer (Thomas Spencer)
Helminths; Parasites
“(_b_) On the greater imbibing power of the dead tissue generally, which
is undoubtedly far more apparent in insects and plathelminths.
“(_c_) On the experiments made to ascertain the value of the two
above-stated facts.
“If, after having prepared a _Cysticercus_, newly extracted from a pig
in the way we have pointed out, we examine it with a microscope on M.
Schulze’s heating table, we find that usually it begins to move after
30° or 35° C., and each moment with greater activity, especially after
38°, 40°, 42°, 44°, 45° C. The temperature being raised progressively,
we see that the _Cysticercus cellulosæ_ puts a stop to its movements
occasionally at 45-46° C., seldom at 47° C., more frequently at 48°
C., sometimes at 49° C.; and, in fifty and more experiments, only one
_Cysticercus_ was able to live on beyond 49° C., standing still at 50° C.
“As soon as it stands still the parasite is dead. In fact, if we
lower again the temperature gradually to that of the ambient air,
and if afterwards we raise it a second time, we pass through all the
intermediate temperatures without the Cysticercus showing the least
signs of life.
“But a more convincing proof of the death of the parasite is got from
the greater imbibing power of the tissue when life is extinct, the same
over the whole body of the plathelminths, and their larval forms. If
we dip the _Cysticercus_ alive with its head stretched in the neutral
tincture of carmine or hæmatoxylon we can leave it there even two, four,
eight, ten, or twelve hours and more, without the head coloring or a
real imbibition taking place; this begins only after the _Cysticercus_
is dead, so that if the _Cysticercus_ is brought first to a temperature
hot enough to kill it (with M. Schulze’s tables to one of 48°, 49°, 50°
C.) and dipped afterwards in the above-mentioned tinctures, it colors
intensely in less than 45°, beginning from the head, and onwards to the
extremity of the cyst of the tail. The head colors more intensely and
rapidly than the neck, as it is covered with very numerous calcareous
corpuscles, which are not met with so frequently in the remaining part
of the body.
“_Cysticercus cellulosæ_ of the pig, and that of the _Tænia
mediocanellata_ of the calf, brought gradually to a final temperature,
the first of 50° C., and the second of 44°, 45°, and 47° C., and then
swallowed alone, or with a piece of butter or crumb of bread, never
produced the _Tænia_ in the valiant students who voluntarily undertook
to make the experiment of swallowing them.
“My investigations were extended to other kinds and forms of Helminths,
and the results were always the same, so that, abiding by the same
principles, I was able to ascertain that--
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