[13] In his recent work, _The Origin of Vertebrates_, Dr. W. H. Gaskell, F.R.S., has adduced much evidence in support of this thesis. He says, “The law of progress is this: The race is not to the swift nor to the strong, but to the wise.” And again; “As for the individual, so for the nation; as for the nation, so for the race; the law of evolution teaches that in all cases brain-power wins. Throughout, from the dawn of animal life up to the present day, the evidence given in this book suggests that the same law has always held. In all cases, upward progress is associated with the development of the central nervous system. The law for the whole animal kingdom is the same as for the individual. ‘Success in this world depends upon brains.’” [14] We may recall the words of Lear:-- “Is man no more than this? Consider him well: Thou owest the worm no silk, the beast no hide, the sheep no wool, the cat no perfume:.... Thou art the thing itself: unaccommodated man is no more but such a poor, bare, forked animal as thou art.” [15] Says Darwin, “So little is this subject understood, that I have heard surprise repeatedly expressed at such great monsters as the Mastodon ... having become extinct; as if mere bodily strength gave victory in the battle of life. Mere size, on the contrary, would in some cases determine ... quicker extermination from the greater amount of requisite food.” In the Russo-Japanese War, one of the effective factors was the greater area of the Russian soldier as a target, and the disparity between the food requirements of the little victors and the big losers. [16] Quoted from a Paper read by Mr. Galton before the Eugenics Education Society, October 14, 1908, and published in _Nature_, October 22, 1908. [17] See the author's paper, “The Psychology of Parenthood,” _Eugenics Review_, April, 1909. [18] An authoritative statement on this point has already been quoted from Sir E. Ray Lankester's Romanes Lecture of 1905, p. 42. [19] The exception of one or two large animals, like the elephant, is not important. In proportion to body weight man's birth-rate is lower than theirs. And it is to be noted that the “infant” mortality is very low in this case, where the birth-rate is so low. Says Darwin, of the young elephant. “None are destroyed by beasts of prey; for even the tiger in India most rarely dares to attack a young elephant protected by its dam.” The dam has no factory to go to, and no beast of prey to sell her alcohol. [20] “The fulmar petrel lays but one egg, yet it is believed to be the most numerous bird in the world.” (_Origin of Species_, popular edition, p. 81). [21] _The Wheat Problem_, by Sir Wm. Crookes, F.R.S., 2nd edition, 1905. The _Chemical News_ Office, 15, Newcastle St., Farringdon St., E.C. [22] See Chap. iii. of the _Origin of Species_.