For the later Monarchy, the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods, the Histories of Carlyle, Mignet, Michelet and Louis Blanc; the _Origines de la France Contemporaine_, by Taine; the _Cambridge Modern History_, Vol. VIII.; the Memoirs of the Duc de St. Simon, of Madame Campan, Madame Vigée-Lebrun, of Camille Desmoulins, Madame Roland, Paul Louis Courier; the _Journal de Perlet_; _Histoire de la Societé Française pendant la Revolution,_ by J. de Goncourt; Goethe's _Die Campagne in Frankreich_, 1792; _Légendes et Archives de la Bastille_, by F. Funck Brentano; Life of Napoleon I., by J. Holland Rose; _L'Europe et la Revolution Française_ by Albert Sorel; _Contemporary American Opinion of the French Revolution_, by C. D. Hazen. For the particular history of Paris, the exhaustive and comprehensive _Histoire de la Ville de Paris_, by the learned Benedictine priests, Michel Félibien and Guy Alexis Lobineau; the so-called _Journal d'un Bourgeois de Paris_, edited by L. Lalanne; _Paris Pendant la Domination Anglaise_, by A. Longnon; the more modern _Paris à Travers les Ages_, by M. F. Hoffbauer, E. Fournier and others; the _Topographie Historique du Vieux Paris_, by A. Berty and H. Legrand. Howell's _Familiar Letters_, Coryat's _Crudities_, and Evelyn's _Diary_, contain useful matter. For the chapters on Historical Paris, E. Fournier's _Promenade Historique dans Paris_, _Chronique des Rues de Paris_, _Enigmes des Rues des Paris_; the Marquis de Rochegude's _Guide Pratique à Travers le Vieux Paris_, and the excellent _Nouvel Itinéraire Guide Artistique et Archéologique de Paris_, by C. Normand, now appearing in fascicules published by the _Société des Amis des Monuments Parisiens_, have been largely drawn upon and supplemented by affectionate memories of an acquaintance with the city dating back for more than thirty years, and by notes of pilgrimages, under the guidance of a member of the Positivist Society of Paris, made in 1891 through revolutionary Paris and Versailles. For personal help and information the writer desires to express his obligations to Monsieur Lafenestre, Director of the Louvre: Monsieur L. Bénédite, Director of the Luxembourg; Monsieur G. Redon, architect of the Louvre and the Tuileries; Professor A. Legros; and for help in proof-reading to Mr James Britten. CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE GALLO-ROMAN PARIS 1 CHAPTER II THE BARBARIAN INVASIONS--ST. GENEVIEVE--THE CONVERSION OF CLOVIS--THE MEROVINGIAN DYNASTY 12 CHAPTER III THE CARLOVINGIANS--THE GREAT SIEGE OF PARIS BY THE NORMANS--THE GERMS OF FEUDALISM 29 CHAPTER IV THE RISE OF THE CAPETIAN KINGS AND THE GROWTH OF PARIS 45 CHAPTER V PARIS UNDER PHILIP AUGUSTUS AND ST. LOUIS 61 CHAPTER VI