PARIS UNDERGROUND (SEWERS AND CATACOMBS) THE ENEMIES OF PROGRESS (LES ARISTOCRATES ENCORE)—CORPS DE GARDE DE L’ARMÉE DE VERSAILLES THE PUBLIC PROMENADES—A CAMP IN THE LUXEMBOURG—THE NEW MASTERS—PROCLAMATION OVER PROCLAMATION THE LUXEMBOURG (PRESENT TOWN HALL OF PARIS, 1871) PORTRAIT OF MARSHAL MACMAHON, DUKE OF MAGENTA LIGHT AND AIR ONCE MORE—THE FOSSE COMMUNE (THE END) APPENDIX. MUSÉE OF THE LOUVRE, FROM THE PLACE DU CARROUSEL PALAIS ROYAL HOTEL DE VILLE FOREIGN OFFICE PALACE OF THE LEGION OF HONOUR MAP OF PARIS, WITH INDICATIONS OF ALL THE PARTS DAMAGED OR DESTROYED. [Illustration: M. Thiers, Voted Chief of the Executive Power Feb. 18.1871, and President of the Republic, Sept. 1871.] PARIS UNDER THE COMMUNE. INTRODUCTORY. Liberté Égalité Fraternité Late in the day of the 30th October, 1870, the agitation was great in Paris; the news had spread that the village of Le Bourget had been retaken by the Prussians. The military report had done what it could to render the pill less bitter by saying that “_this village did not form a part of the system of defence_,” but the people though kept in ignorance perceived instinctively that there must be weakness on the part of the chiefs. After so much French blood had been shed in taking the place, men of brave will would not have been wanting to occupy it. We admit that Le Bourget may not have been important from a military point of view, but as regarding its moral effect its loss was much to be regretted. The irritation felt by the population of Paris was changed into exasperation, when on the following day the news of the reduction of Metz appeared in the _Official Journal_: “The Government has just been acquainted with the sad intelligence of the capitulation of Metz. Marshal Bazaine and his army were compelled to surrender, after heroic efforts, which the want of food and ammunition alone rendered it impossible to maintain. They have been made prisoners of war.” And after this the Government talks of an armistice! What! Strasburg, Toul, Metz, and so many other towns have resisted to the last dire extremity, and Paris, who expects succour from the provinces, is to capitulate, while a single effort is left untried? Has she no more bread? No more powder? Have her citizens no more blood in their veins? No, no! No armistice! In the morning, a deputation, formed of officers of the National Guards, went to the Hôtel de Ville to learn from the Government what were its intentions. They were received by M. Etienne Arago, who promised them that the decision should be made known to them about two o’clock. The rappel was beaten at the time mentioned; battalions of the National Guards poured into the Place, some armed, many without arms. Over the sea of heads the eye was attracted by banners, and enormous placards bearing the inscriptions— “Vive la République! “No Armistice!” or else “Vive la Commune! “Death to Cowards!”