Parish life in mediæval EnglandGasquet, Francis Aidan
History
Parish life in mediæval England
Gasquet, Francis Aidan
England -- Church history -- 1066-1485; England -- Social life and customs -- 1066-1485
It is usually difficult to obtain information about the amounts of
the tithe derived from the various sources titheable. Generally the
accounts do not set out the items, and give merely the totals. For the
diocese of Rochester, however, in 1536, the _Valor Ecclesiasticus_
gives the details in many instances. From these we learn that the
tithe generally had a twofold division; for instance, the Rector of
Huntingdon, besides £9 a year derived from the rectory house and the
rent of 21 acres of pasture, accounted for the tithe of grain and hay,
which produced, according to the then money value, 26_s._ 8_d._, and
the tithe of wool and of lambs, bringing in £4 8_s._ 9_d._ He received
also an annual average of £17 2_s._ 5_d._ from oblations and private
donations. In the same way the Vicar of Dartford received £16 13_s._
4_d._ for the tithe of wool and lambs, £2 for the hay tithe, and £25
13_s._ 4_d._ for all other tithes and oblations.
A word must now be said about the impropriation of parochial tithes
to cathedrals, monasteries, and collegiate establishments. It is
very generally stated that this was one of the great abuses of the
mediæval Church redressed at the time of the Reformation. Without in
any way wishing to defend the practice of assigning tithes to purposes
other than the work of the parish in which they were receivable, it
should in justice be borne in mind that this was never done without
the sanction of the bishop, and upon the condition that the vicar
should receive amply sufficient for his support and for the purpose
of his parochial work. The notion of “the great robbery” of parishes
to endow monasteries, and of the “miserable stipends” on which those
who occupied the post of vicars existed or starved, is in view of
records not borne out by facts. The “miserable stipends” formed only
part of the emoluments of those who served impropriated churches;
they had also the lesser tithes and all oblations made to them, and
the bishops were bound by law to see, and in fact did see, that their
income was sufficient. Moreover, though not very numerous, there are
in the episcopal registers a sufficient number of examples to show
that the arrangements, made between the impropriators and the vicar,
and sanctioned by the bishop, were open to readjustment if necessary.
At East Anthony, in the diocese of Exeter, for example, this is
exemplified, and the settlement made by Bishop Grandisson is confirmed
by Bishop Stapeldon, and the principle is laid down that “the Bishop
and his successors have power, should they see fit, to encrease,
diminish, or change the amount to be paid to the holder of the vicarage
and the conditions upon which it is held.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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