13 Friedrich Ernst David Schleiermacher, _Über den sogenannten ersten Brief des Paulus an den Timotheus. Ein kritisches Sendschreiben an Joachim Christian Gass,_ 1807. In his complete works this is to be found in the second volume of the first division, 1836, pp. 223-320. 14 Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, _Historisch-kritische Einleitung in das Neue Testament,_ 1st ed., vol. iii., second half (1814), pp. 315-410. Eichhorn points out that he had recognised the spuriousness of the three Pastoral Epistles, and had expressed his conviction in his University lectures before Schleiermacher published his criticisms of the First Epistle of Timothy. 15 Leonhard Usteri, _Die Entwicklung des paulinischen Lehrbegriffs,_ 1824, 191 pp. The editions of 1829, 1830, and 1832 were revised by the author, who died in 1833. After his death two more appeared (1834, 1851). Reference may be made also to Usteri’s “Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians,” 1833, 252 pp. 16 The first work which undertook to give an account of the Apostle’s system of thought as such is Gottlob Wilhelm Meyer’s _Entwicklung des paulinischen Lehrbegriffs,_ 1801, 380 pp. The author has collected the material well, but does not know in what direction Paul’s peculiarity lies. 17 Of the works which criticise Usteri and mark an advance in Pauline study the following may be named:— Karl Schrader, _Der Apostel Paulus;_ vols. i., 1830 (264 pp.), and ii., 1832 (373 pp.), deal with the life of the Apostle Paul; vol. iii., 1833 (331 pp.), with the doctrine; vols. iv., 1835 (490 pp.), and v., 1836 (574 pp.), contain the exposition of the Epistles. August Ferdinand Dähne, _Entwicklung des paulinischen Lehrbegriffs,_ 1835, 211 pp. Mention may also be made of the chapter on Paulinism in J. A. W. Neander’s _Geschichte der Pflanzung und Leitung der christlichen Kirche durch die Apostel,_ 1st ed., 1832; 2nd ed., 1st vol., 1838 (433 pp.). Paul is treated in pp. 102-433; 4th ed., 1847; 5th, 1862. As typical of the exegesis of the period prior to Baur may be mentioned the Commentaries of W. M. L. de Wette on Romans (2nd ed.), 1838; 1 and 2 Corinthians, 1841; Galatians and Thessalonians, 1841. 18 H. E. G. Paulus, _Des Apostels Paulus Lehrbriefe an die Galater- und Römer-Christen,_ 1831, 368 pp. NOTES FOR CHAPTER II BAUR AND HIS CRITICS 19 Albert Schwegler, _Das nachapostolische Zeitalter in den Hauptmomenten seiner Entwicklung_ (“The Post-Apostolic Age in the main Features of its Development”), 1846, vol. i. 522 pp., vol. ii. 392 pp. In the writings which mark the course of the development of Paulinism three groups are distinguished. To the first, the apologetic group, belongs the First Epistle of Peter; to the second, the conciliatory writings, are to be reckoned the Gospel of Luke, the Acts of the Apostles, the First Epistle of Clement, and the Epistle to the Philippians; the third is represented by the catholicising writings, the Pastorals, the Letter of Polycarp, and the Ignatian Letters.