III. Economic Causes in the Balkan War IV. Turkish Ideals in our Political Thought V. Our Responsibility for Balkan Wars VI. Pacifism, Defence, and the "Impossibility of War" VII. "Theories" False and True; their Role in European Politics VIII. What Shall we DO? CHAPTER I. THE QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWER. CHAPTER II. "PEACE" AND "WAR" IN THE BALKANS. "Peace" in the Balkans under the Turkish System--The inadequacy of our terms--The repulsion of the Turkish invasion--The Christian effort to bring the reign of force and conquest to an end--The difference between action designed to settle relationship on force and counter action designed to prevent such settlement--The force of the policeman and the force of the brigand--The failure of conquest as exemplified by the Turk--Will the Balkan peoples prove Pacifist or Bellicist; adopt the Turkish or the Christian System? CHAPTER III. ECONOMICS AND THE BALKAN WAR. The "economic system" of the Turk--The Turkish "Trade of Conquest" as a cause of this war--Racial and Religious hatred of primitive societies--Industrialism as a solvent--Its operation in Europe--Balkans geographically remote from main drift of European economic development--The false economies of the Powers as a cause of their jealousies and quarrels--- This has prevented settlement--What is the "economic motive"?--Impossible to separate moral and material--Nationality and the War System. CHAPTER IV. TURKISH IDEALS IN OUR POLITICAL THOUGHT. This war and "the Turks of Britain and Prussia"--The Anglo-Saxon and opposed ideals--Mr. C. Chesterton's case for "killing and being killed" as the best method of settling differences--Its application to Civil Conflicts--As in Spanish-America--The difference between Devonshire and Venezuela--Will the Balkans adopt the Turco-Venezuelan political ideals or the British? CHAPTER V. OUR RESPONSIBILITY FOR BALKAN WARS. Mr. Winston Churchill on the "Responsibility" of Diplomacy--What does he mean?--An easy (and popular) philosophy--Can we neglect past if we would avoid future errors?--British temper and policy in the Crimean War--What are its lessons?--Why we fought a war to sustain the "integrity and independence of the Turkish dominion in Europe"--Supporting the Turk against his Christian victims--From fear of Russian growth which we are now aiding--The commentary of events--Shall we back the wrong horse again? CHAPTER VI. PACIFISM, DEFENCE, AND "THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF WAR." Did the Crimean War prove Bright and Cobden wrong?--Our curious reasoning--Mr. Churchill on "illusions"--The danger of war is not the illusion but its benefits--We are all Pacifists now since we all desire Peace--Will more armaments alone secure it?--The experience of mankind--War "the failure of human wisdom"--Therefore more wisdom is the remedy--But the Militarists only want more arms--The German Lord Roberts--The military campaign against political Rationalism--How to make war certain. CHAPTER VII.