Produced by Steven Giacomelli, Barbara Kosker, Jeannie Howse and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images produced by Core Historical Literature in Agriculture (CHLA), Cornell University) PEAT AND ITS USES, AS FERTILIZER AND FUEL. BY SAMUEL W. JOHNSON, A. M., PROFESSOR OF ANALYTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, YALE COLLEGE. FULLY ILLUSTRATED. NEW-YORK: ORANGE JUDD & COMPANY. 245 BROADWAY. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by ORANGE JUDD & CO., At the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New-York. LOVEJOY & SON, ELECTROTYPERS AND STEREOTYPERS 15 Vandewater street N. Y. TO MY FATHER, MY EARLIEST AND BEST INSTRUCTOR IN RURAL AFFAIRS, THIS VOLUME IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED. S. W. J. CONTENTS. Introduction vii PART I.--ORIGIN, VARIETIES, AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERS OF PEAT. PAGE 1. What is Peat? 9 2. Conditions of its Formation 9 3. Different Kinds of Peat 14 Swamp Muck 17 Salt Mud 18 4. Chemical Characters and Composition of Peat 18 a. Organic or combustible part 19 Ulmic and Humic Acids 19 Ulmin and Humin--Crenic and Apocrenic Acids 20 Ulmates and Humates 21 Crenates and Apocrenates 22 Gein and Geic Acid--Elementary Composition of Peat 23 Ultimate Composition of the Constituents of Peat 25 b. Mineral Part--Ashes 25 5. Chemical Changes that occur in the Formation of Peat 26 PART II.--ON THE AGRICULTURAL USES OF PEAT AND SWAMP MUCK.