Mantling or lambrequin is the term used for the mantle or a piece of scarf-like drapery, attached to the helmet and showing jagged and torn edges to suggest the cuts received in battle. Generally, however, we find the mantling in heraldry takes the shape of graceful flowing outlines. In the motto we have, no doubt, the survival of the war-cries; many (besides expressing the name of the bearer or some allusion to the charges on the coat of arms)[4] contain very interesting historical references--viz., the "Grip Fast" of the Earl of Rothes recalls how his ancestor rescued the good Queen Margaret from the river, where she and her palfrey were drowning, and exhorted her to "grip fast" to his belt. [Footnote 4: As, for instance, "Fare fac," the Fairfax motto, or the Weare's motto, "Sumus"--we are--whilst the motto of the Clerks of Penicuik, "Free for a blast," alludes to their crest, a man blowing a horn. This refers to the odd condition under which the Barony of Penicuik is held--viz., that the proprietor must sit on a piece of rock called the Buckstone, and wind three blasts of a horn whenever the sovereign shall come to hunt on the Borough Muir, near Edinburgh.] The motto is generally placed beneath the escutcheon, but we sometimes find it above the crest. CHAPTER X QUARTERING AND MARSHALLING In these "Peeps at Heraldry," we can only glance at much that should still be mentioned if space permitted. We must say something, however, about quartering and marshalling, two very important departments in heraldry. Hitherto, we have dealt with shields bearing only one coat of arms, but now we must speak of those which bear more than one. Quartering means dividing the shield into quarters, so that several coats of arms may be represented on the same escutcheon. Fig. 54 shows the simplest form of quartering--viz., by two lines, fess-wise and pale-wise. This arrangement gives room for four different coats of arms, but if it is necessary to represent more than four, the shield is further cut up into the requisite number of divisions, then blazoned according to that number--_e.g._, "quarterly by eight," "by twelve," and so forth. It also sometimes happens that in a shield already quartered, each quarter has to be quartered again, and this arrangement is known in heraldry as "compound quartering." The four original quarters are then blazoned as "grand quarters," the secondary ones as "quarterly quarterings." [Illustration: FIG. 54.] One of the chief uses of quartering is to record the alliances between different families, generally made through marriage.