It was represented to him that in the nine years through which he had reigned innumerable offences and one hundred murders had been committed by clerks who had escaped all punishments save the light sentences of fine and imprisonment inflicted by their own courts.—W. R. W. Stephens, _The English Church_, p. 165. London, 1901. _William of Newburgh_, lib. ii. p. 130, H. C. Hamilton’s ed. London, 1856. Footnote 422: In the thirteenth century there were, for instance, twelve clerks in the village of Rougham.—Augustus Jessopp, _Coming of the Friars_, p. 84. London, 1889. See also J. E. Thorold Rogers, _Six Centuries of Work and Wages_, i. pp. 24, 160, 161. Footnote 423: Carte, _Hist._ i. p. 581. Footnote 424: Eirikr Magnusson, _Thomas’ Saga Erkibyskup_, i. p. 144, note. Footnote 425: William FitzStephen; J. C. Robertson’s _Materials for the History of Thomas Becket_, iii. p. 45. London, 1881. David Hume, _Hist. Eng._ i. p. 391. London, 1818. Footnote 426: See Herbertus de Boseham; Robertson, _Materials_, iii. pp. 264, 265. Footnote 427: Magnusson, _Thomas’ Saga Erkibyskup_, i. p. 145. Footnote 428: William of Canterbury; Robertson’s _Materials_, i. pp. 12, 13. Edward Grim; Robertson, ii. p. 375. Anonymous; Robertson, iv. p. 24. K. Norgate, _England under the Angevin Kings_, ii. p. 21. London, 1887. Footnote 429: R. de Diceto, _Works_, Stubbs’s ed. i. p. 313. London, 1876. Footnote 430: F. W. Maitland, _Eng. Hist. Rev._ vii. p. 226. London, 1892. Footnote 431: Stephens, _Hist. Eng. Church_, p. 166. Footnote 432: Nahum, i. 9. Footnote 433: Norgate, _Angevin Kings_, ii. p. 23. Footnote 434: Stephens, _Hist. Eng. Church_, p. 166. Footnote 435: Holdsworth, _Hist._ i. p. 382. Footnote 436: Pollock and Maitland, _Hist._ i. p. 442, and note 2, ed. of 1898. Footnote 437: James Gairdner, _The English Church_, p. 42. London, 1902. Footnote 438: Reeves, _Hist. Eng. Law_, iii. p. 41. Footnote 439: If a clerk were accused, the Crown got his goods till he had completed purgation, after which they were usually returned (Hale, _Pleas of the Crown_, ii. p. 384). If, however, he was delivered over _absque purgatione_, or if he had first pleaded guilty, the king retained them, and had the produce of his lands for the prisoner’s life.—A. T. Carter, _History of English Legal Institutions_, p. 255. London, 1906. Footnote 440: Johnson, _Laws and Canons_, ii. p. 208. Footnote 441: 2 Ed. I. c. 2. Footnote 442: 4 Ed. I. c. 5. Footnote 443: Following a Canon of the Council of Lyons, A.D. 1274. _C. Lugd._ c. 6. Footnote 444: For other instances of the dislike to remarriage, see Westermarck, _Moral Ideas_, ii. pp. 450, 451; and E. S. Hartland, _Primitive Paternity_, i. p. 134. Footnote 445: Johnson, _Laws and Canons_, ii. p. 267. Footnote 446: 25 Ed. III. c. 4. Footnote 447: