Footnote 623: Walter Besant, _London in the Eighteenth Century_, p. 378. London, 1902. Footnote 624: This lasted right into the nineteenth century; see D. H. Tuke, _Chapters in the History of the Insane_, p. 128. London, 1882. Footnote 625: See, for instance, W. Besant, _London in the Time of the Stuarts_, p. 236. London, 1903. And for a particularly filthy mixture advised “For a man haunted by apparitions,” Cockayne, i. p. 365. Footnote 626: Oswald Cockayne, _Leechdoms, Wort Gunning, and Starcraft_, pp. 361, 365. London, 1864. Footnote 627: Cockayne, pp. 101, 161, 169. Footnote 628: Cockayne, i. p. 249. Footnote 629: Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, ii. p. 127. Footnote 630: Joseph Bingham, _Antiquities of the Christian Church_, i. p. 322. Footnote 631: Bingham, p. 323. Footnote 632: F. A. Gasquet, _Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries_, p. 463. Footnote 633: There were, says Maury, “de véritables litanies d’anathèmes contre Satan.”—_La Magie_, p. 319. Footnote 634: J. Bingham, _Antiquities of the Christian Church_, i. p. 321. See also Paul Verdun, _Le Diable dans la vie des saints_, p. 2; _Ency. Brit._ ninth ed. vol. viii. p. 806. Footnote 635: “The so-called Fourth Council of Carthage (anno 396) prescribes a form for the ordination of exorcists the same in substance as that given in the Roman Pontifical, and used at this day.”—Addis and Arnold, _Catholic Dictionary_, art. “Exorcism.” London, 1903. A man who was said to have been possessed by seven devils was exorcised by seven clergymen at the Temple Church, Bristol, in 1788.—Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, ii. p. 128. See also L. A. Maury, _La Magie_, p. 331. Footnote 636: Already in the fifth century Pope Innocent I. forbade the exorcists from exercising their ministry without the express permission of the bishop, and that order is in force. See also Louis Duchesne, _Christian Worship_, M. L. Maclure’s trans. p. 349. London, 1904. Footnote 637: Addis and Arnold, _Cath. Dict._ p. 444. Footnote 638: Or this prayer of Pope Leo XIII.; “S. Michel Archange ... repoussez en enfer par la vertu divine Satan, et les autres esprits mauvais, qui errent dans le monde cherchant des âmes à perdre.” Quoted by P. Verdun, ii. p. 314. Footnote 639: D. H. Tuke, _Hist. Insane_, p. 14. Footnote 640: F. Beach, _Psychology in John Hunter’s Time_, p. 2. Footnote 641: L. A. Maury, _La Magie_, p. 329. Footnote 642: Cockayne, _Leechdoms_, ii. bk. iii. p. 335. Footnote 643: W. A. F. Browne, _What Asylums were, are, and ought to be_, p. 101. Edinburgh, 1837. Footnote 644: See Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, i. p. 258. R. Routledge, _Hist. Science_, p. 5. London, 1881. Edward Carpenter, _The Art of Creation_, p. 36. London, 1904. Footnote 645: It may be interesting to compare 1 Kings xxii. 20. John Lubbock (Lord Avebury), _Origin of Civilisation_, p. 32. London, 1889. Footnote 646: