day tay ding ting dirsty tirsty done tone door toor dream tream drop trop fader fater -hood -hoot hund- huntert middle mittle pad path red ret said set saddle sattle drink trink but _k_, and the pure final German _s_ would turn _d_ to _t_ in 'bridges,' 'brackdise,' 'outsides,' 'holds,' 'shpirids;' it would turn _g_ to _k_ in 'rags,' and it makes 'craps' (crabs) correct. The power of English _z_ can scarcely be said to belong to average German, or to the breitmannish dialect; it should therefore be _ss_ in 'doozen,' 'preeze' (breeze), and 'phaze.' When it is present it occurs initial, and we have 'too zee' once, against numerous _s_ initials like see, sea, say, so, soul, six. The ballads have many irregularities in spelling like--as, ash; is, ish; one, von; two, dwo; dwelf, dwelve, twelve, zwölf (for tvelf); chor, gorus; distants, tisaster; dretful; tredful; eck (the correct form), egg; het, head, headt; groundt, cround, croundt; land, lantlord, Marylandt; shpirid, shpirit, shbirit; drumpet, trumpet; foorst, foost, first, virst; fein, vine; went, vent; old, olt, oldt; teufel, tyfel, tuyfel. English _J_ is placed in soobjectixe, objectified, jail, jammed, juice, jump (shoomp, choomp); it is represented by _sh_ in shoost, shiant, shinglin; by _ch_ (correctly) in choin, choy, choke, enchine; by _g_, _dg_ in change, hedge; and by _y_ in Yane and soobjectifly--which is not objectionable. English _Ch_ remains in catch, child, chaps (and shaps), fetch, sooch, mooch; and it becomes _sh_ in soosh (such), shase, sheek. English _Sh_ is proper in shmoke, shmile, shplit, shpill, shpoons, shtart, shtick, shtrike, shtop, shvear; it is omitted in smack, stamp, slept; and it is of doubtful propriety in ash (as), ashk, vash (was), elshe, shkorn, shkare, shky. English _D_ final is often written _dt_ that the word may be recognised and the sound of _t_ secured, as in laidt, roadt, shouldt, vouldt, findt, foundt, roundt (and round), vordt (and vord), obercoadt. English _ed_ and its equivalents should be _et_ or _t_ in broken English, as in loadet, reconet, pe-markt, riset, signet, rollet, seemet, slightet, declaret, paddlet, mate (made), kilt; _-ed_ being wrong, as in said, coomed, bassed, scared, trinked, smashed, rooshed, bleased. English _F_, _V_, _W_, receive the worst treatment, and are judged by the eye rather than by speech. German _folgen_ and English _follow_ are turned into 'vollow'; German _weil_ is 'vhile' and 'while.' Other examples are wind and vindow; vhen, vhene_f_er (turning not only German _v_, but English _v_ into _f_), fery for _very_,--but svitch, ve (we), veight, vink, are proper. The following example is from 'Schnitzerl's Philosopede'--