a in wh_a_t, n_o_t; PG. kat (G. gehabt) _had_; kats _cat_. aa (ah[7]) in f_a_ll, _o_rb; PG. haas _hare_; paar _pair_; haan (G. hahn) _cock_; tsaam (G. zaum) _bridle_. _a_ in _a_isle, h_e_ight, _o_ut. In a few cases it is written â. See under the dipthongs. æ (ä, e[1]) in f_a_t; hær (G. Herr) _Sir_; dær (and d'r, G. der) _the_; hærn (G. hirn) _brain_; schtærn, pl. schtærnǝ (G. stern) _star_; mær (G. mähre) _mare_; ærscht (G. erst) _first_; wærts-haus (G. wirtshaus) _inn_. ææ (ä, äh) in b_aa_, the preceding vowel lengthened.[8] PG. bæær (G. bär) _bear_; kæær E. _car_. e (ä, ö) in b_e_t; PG. bet _bed_; net (G. nicht) _not_; apnémǝ (G. abnahme _decline_) PG. a wasting disease; het (G. hätte _had_), which, with some other words, will sometimes be written with ä (hätt) to aid the reader. In a few cases it is lengthened (as in thêre), when it is written ê, as in French. ee (ä, äh, eh, ö) in _a_le; PG. meel (G. mehl) _meal_; eel (G. öl) _oil_. ǝ (e, o, a) in b_u_t, mention;[9] PG. kǝp (G. kopf) _head_; lǝs (G. lasz) _let_, hawǝ (_a_ short, G. haben) _to have_. i (ü, ie, ö) in f_i_nn_y_; niks (G. nichts) _nothing_; tsrik (G. zurück) _back_; míglich (G. möglich) _possible_; lít'rlich (G. liederlich) _riotous_. ii (ih, ie, ü) in f_ee_l; fiil (G. viel) _much_; dii (G. die) _the_; riiwǝ (G. rübe) _turnip_; wiischt (G. wüst, ü long) _nasty_. It is the French î, which is sometimes used in these pages. o in _o_-mit; los _loose_; hofnung _hope_. English _o_ pronounced quickly. oo in d_oo_r, h_o_me; wool (G. wohl) _well_; groo (G. grau) _grey_. u in f_u_ll, f_oo_t; mus (G. musz) _must_; fun (G. von) _of_. uu (uh) in f_oo_l; kuu (G. kuh) _cow_; guut (G. gut) _good_. The true 'a' of _a_rm does not occur, except approximately in the initial of au and ei. The proper sounds of ä, ö, ü are absent, and if these letters are used in a few cases to enable the reader to recognise words, the two former will be restricted to syllables having the vowel sound in _met_, and 'ü' to such as have that in _fit_. § 3. _The Dipthongs._ ei (eu) in h_ei_ght, _ai_sle, German ei, with the initial '_a_' (italic) of Mr. Ellis (in his _Early English Pronunciation_), 'eu' has the same power in PG. ai in b_oy_, _oi_l; somewhat rare, but present in the names Boyer, Moyer (from Meyer), ai (G. ei) _egg_; ajǝr (aajǝr, aijǝr) _eggs_; hai (G. heu) _hay_; bai (sounding like E. boy, and from E.) _pie_; wai (G. weihe) _hawk_. Literary German has it in 'bäume' _trees_, and 'eu' (which is properly ǝi) is usually confounded with it in German.