“PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH.” (PROPERLY GERMAN.) “PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH,” AND OTHER ESSAYS. BY PHEBE EARLE GIBBONS, AUTHOR OF “FRENCH AND BELGIANS.” _THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED._ PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 1882. Copyright, 1882, by PHEBE EARLE GIBBONS. PREFACE. The leading article in this collection appeared, as first published, in the _Atlantic Monthly_ in October, 1869. After this essay was written I became better acquainted with our plain German sects, and wrote articles describing them, which were published in the first edition of this book. It appeared in 1872. To the second edition were added “Bethlehem and the Moravians” and “Schwenkfelders,” as well as an Appendix, and the edition was published about the opening of 1874. The present volume contains articles that have never before appeared in book-form, namely, “The Miners of Scranton,” “Irish Farmers,” and “English.” However, the first was published in _Harpers’ Magazine_ for November, 1877. Another short article appeared earlier in the same periodical; and several other essays were first brought before the public in Philadelphia and New York papers. From personal observation I have been able to revise a considerable part of this volume, which contains more than double the amount of matter comprised in the first edition. AUGUST, 1882. CONTENTS. PAGE “PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH” (PROPERLY GERMAN) 11 Language 11 Religion 13 History of a Sect 18 Politics 20 Festivals 22 Weddings 24 Quiltings 29 “Singings” 31 Farming 33 Farmers’ Wives 36 Holidays 45 Public Schools 47 Manners and Customs 49 Additional Remarks 53 AN AMISH MEETING 59 SWISS EXILES 70 Books 71 Menno Symons 74 William of Orange 75 Persecution in Zurich and Berne 78 The States-General 83