PERFUMES AND THEIR PREPARATION. CONTAINING COMPLETE DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING HANDKERCHIEF PERFUMES, SMELLING-SALTS, SACHETS, FUMIGATING PASTILS; PREPARATIONS FOR THE CARE OF THE SKIN, THE MOUTH, THE HAIR; COSMETICS, HAIR DYES, AND OTHER TOILET ARTICLES. WITH A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AROMATIC SUBSTANCES; THEIR NATURE, TESTS OF PURITY, AND WHOLESALE MANUFACTURE. BY GEORGE WILLIAM ASKINSON, DR. CHEM., MANUFACTURER OF PERFUMERY. TRANSLATED FROM THE THIRD GERMAN EDITION BY ISIDOR FURST. (WITH CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS BY SEVERAL EXPERTS.) Illustrated with 32 Engravings. NEW YORK: N. W. HENLEY & CO., 150 NASSAU ST. LONDON: E. & F. N. SPON, 125, STRAND. 1892. COPYRIGHTED, 1892, BY NORMAN W. HENLEY & CO. PREFACE. The great progress which the art of perfumery has made during recent times is due to several causes, the chief one of which is fully realized only by the manufacturer on a large scale, who stands, as it were, behind the scenes and has access to facts and information concerning the materials he uses, which are not so easily accessible to the dilettante in perfumery, or remain altogether unknown to the latter. This important factor is the advance in our knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of the several substances used in perfumery, whereby we can better discriminate between the genuine and the spurious, the choicest and the inferior, thus insuring, at the very start, a satisfactory result, instead of being compelled to resort to wasteful experimentation and empiricism. A better knowledge has also been gained of the sources of the commercial varieties of many of the crude products, and a better insight into the conditions affecting their qualities or properties. A more exhaustive study of the proximate principles of many of the essential oils has thrown an entirely new light upon this heretofore obscure class of bodies, placing into our hands new products of definite chemical composition, unvarying in physical properties, and many of them valuable additions to the perfumer’s stock of ingredients. Synthetic chemistry has also added to the list of materials required by the perfumer, and is surely going to add many more to it hereafter. Though some of these, like the new artificial musk, are not yet in a condition to enter into