_Latin_—Citrus Bergamia; _French_—Bergamote; _German_—Bergamottefrüchte. The bergamot is the fruit of a tree belonging to the Order of Aurantiaceæ, which is cultivated in Calabria. The tree is unknown in a wild state. The golden-yellow or greenish-yellow fruits, resembling a lemon in shape, have a bitter and at the same time acid pulp; the thin rind contains a very fragrant oil which is used largely in the manufacture of fine perfumery and soaps, and is exported chiefly from Messina and Palermo. BITTER ALMONDS. _Latin_—Amygdala amara; _French_—Amandes amères; _German_—Bittere Mandeln. The well-known fruits of the bitter almond-tree (Amygdalus communis, var. amara). There are no definite botanical differences between the sweet and the bitter almond-tree. The only distinct difference is the character of the respective fruits. The aromatic substance obtained from bitter almonds is not present fully formed in the fruits, but results from the chemical transformation of the amygdalin they contain; the latter body is absent in sweet almonds. CAJUPUT LEAVES. _Latin_—Folia Cajuputi. The leaves of Melaleuca Cajuputi, a tree found in the Indian and Malay Archipelago, which have an aromatic odor resembling that of cardamoms. In the Orient the leaves are used as incense and for the extraction of the oil they contain. CAMPHOR WOOD. _Latin_—Lignum Camphoræ; _French_—Bois de camphre; _German_—Campherholz. The wood of the Camphor-tree, native of China and Japan, is exceedingly rich in essential oil, the firm, white, and strong-scented camphor. The latter is usually prepared from the wood at the home of the tree, especially in Formosa and Japan, so that the wood hardly forms an article of commerce and is here enumerated only for completeness’ sake. In China and in Japan, however, it is largely used for the manufacture of cloth-chests, trunks and wardrobes, as these are never invaded by insects. CARAWAY SEED. _Latin_—Semen Carvi; _French_—Carvi; _German_—Kümmelsamen. This plant, Carum Carvi, which is largely cultivated in Germany, contains in its seeds from four to seven per cent of essential oil which is extracted by distillation. Genuine caraway seed is brownish-yellow, pointed at both ends, quite glabrous on examination with a lens, and marked with five longitudinal ribs. Caraway is occasionally confounded with cumin seed, from Cuminum Cyminum, which is easily recognized with a lens: the seeds of the latter plant have fourteen longitudinal ribs and are hairy. The use of caraway in perfumery is limited to ordinary goods, but in the manufacture of liqueurs it is largely employed. CASCARILLA BARK. _Latin_—Cortex Cascarillæ; _French_—Cascarille; _German_—Cascarillarinde.