| Patchouly | 0·950-1·012 | 282-294 | ... | Peppermint | 0·902-0·930 | 188-212 | ... | Portugal | | | | (orange peel) | 0·840-0·850 | 176 | ... | Rose | 0·832 | 229 | +14-20 | Rosemary | 0·895-0·916 | 185 | ... | Rue | 0·911 | ... | ... | Sage | 0·902 | ... | ... | Santal | 0·950-0·980 | 288 | -22 | Sassafras | 1·082 | ... | ... | Serpyllum | 0·890-0·920 | ... | ... | Star-anise | 0·982 | ... | ... | Thyme | 0·870-0·940 | 170-180 | ... | Vanilla | ... | 150 | 76 | Vetiver | 1·007 | 286 | ... | Wintergreen | 1·180 | 220 | ... | Ylang-ylang | 0·980 | ... | ... | Turpentine | 0·855-0·870 | 160 | ... | Paraffin | 0·870 | ... | ... |Melts at 50-65 Wax | 0·960-0·970 | ... | ... |Melts at 65-70 Spermaceti | 0·943 | ... | ... |Melts at 45-50 —————————————————+—————————————+—————————-+————————————-+————————————— In buying essential oils, except it be from a house whose reputation is a guaranty of their genuineness, it is to the interest of the perfumer to make a test. He must look for certain substances which are generally used for the sophistication of essential oils. These are: A. Other essential oils; B. Fixed oils; C. Alcohol; D. Paraffin, spermaceti, wax. A. ADULTERATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS WITH OTHER ESSENTIAL OILS. This mode of adulteration, which is frequent, is naturally the one most difficult of demonstration. In the case of cheap oils such as those of caraway, lemon, orange peel, etc., rectified oil of turpentine is almost without exception the adulterant. The methods usually recommended, such as attempting to dissolve out the oil of turpentine by strong alcohol, hoping thus to separate it from the essential oil, are without practical value. The adulteration can, however, often be demonstrated by rubbing a drop of the suspected oil on a glass plate and testing the odor, provided the olfactory organ is trained. As the above table shows, the oils have different high boiling-points, while oil of turpentine boils at a rather low temperature, hence it evaporates sooner than the others and can be demonstrated by its odor.