Monarchy, universal; the ideal of Dante, 68, 69; disapproved by Kant, 68, 69, 155, 156; and Fichte, 69. Montesquieu, Baron de; on self-preservation, 83; on armed peace, 88, 159. More, Thomas; 32. Morley, John; 3. N Napoleon Bonaparte; Empire of, 69, 71, 72, 76, 77. Napoleon, Louis; 80. National Debt; 63, 64, 111, 112. O Origen; on military service, 14, 15. Original Contract; 40; as understood by Rousseau, 52; by Hobbes, 52, 53; by Hooker, 52; by Hume, _ib._; by Kant, _ib._; by Locke, 53. P Paris Congress (1856); 86. Paulsen, Friedrich; 43, 52, 53, 66, 78. Peace, perpetual; the dream of, 29-33; projects of, by Penn, 30; by Henry IV., 30, 33, 34; by St. Pierre, 30, 32, 34-37; Rousseau’s attitude to, 38-40, 106; for Kant an ideal, 61, 129; the articles of, 62-69, 107-142, 158-160; the guarantee of, 143-157. Peace Societies; 70, 75, 78, 79, 80, 86, 87; and disarmament, 88, 96, 97, 100, 101, 102. Penn, William; 30. Plato; on the origin of the state, 5; on war, 8, 41; on the relation between ethics and politics, 162. Poland; 92, 93, 95. Politics; and morals, according to Kant, 161-196; to Plato, 162; to Aristotle, _ib._; to Hume, _ib._; sophistical maxims of, 170-172. Pope, Alexander; 4, 127. Puffendorf, Samuel; 27; on intervention, 64, 131. Q Quakers; and war, 14. R Reformation; and military service, 18; and international law, 21, 24. Religion; Roman, and war, 9; Jewish, 9-11; Mohammedan, 10; Buddhist, and conversion, 12; Christian, and war, 12-20. Revolution, right of; according to Hobbes, 41, 53; and Spinoza, 41; according to Locke, 53; to Rousseau, _ib._; to Kant, 167, 186-188. Right of way; Vattel on, 65, 138; Kant on, 65, 137-142. Ritchie, D. G.; on Rousseau, 3; on Locke and the golden age, _ib._, 52, 85, 98. Robertson, William; 6, 17, 18, 19. Romans; and war, 7, 8, 9, 22, 23; and international law, 22, 23. Rousseau, J. J.; and the state of nature, 2, 3, 52; 26, 28; his criticism of St. Pierre, 38-40; his views on militarism, 39; on the original contract, 52; on revolution, 53, 188; 61, 67, 100, 132, 134; on democratic and republican governments, 153; on the depravity of man, 173. Russia; Alexander I. of, 80; the Czar of, 90; the backward civilization of, 92, 93, 94, 95. S Schiller, Friedrich von; on war and peace, 71, 72, 73, 75. Schopenhauer, Arthur; 43. Spencer, Herbert; 76. Spinoza, Benedict; on the state of nature, 41; and revolution, _ib._ Standing armies; 63, 64, 89, 110. State of nature; according to Rousseau, 2, 3; and the golden age, 3; Hobbes’ theory of, 4, 40, 41, 118; according to Hume a philosophical fiction, 41; according to Kant, 117-120. States; transference of, 63, 108, 109; marriage between, 109.