The English Figwort has adopted repulsive methods of entertainment.
It has contrived to make itself look like and give forth the odour of
decaying meat, because it knows that it will thereby attract certain
Wasps. The South African Stapelia does the same thing with the idea of
alluring Carrion Flies. Still another imitator of similiar kind is the
pale-green Carrion Flower whose visitor is the Blow Fly.
When in repose, the stamens of the pink-white Mountain Laurel (_Kalmia
Latifolia_) curve so that their anthers or pollen-bags fit into
corresponding pits or depressions in the petals. When a Bumble Bee
happens along and blunders among these delicate organs, the stamens
spring up and shower his back with pollen.
Everyone is familiar with the purple barber pole of the Cuckoo Pint
which stands up straight out of a pulpit-shaped leaf. This barber pole
is the upper end of a fertilizing device of marvelous efficiency.
Down in the shelter of the cup-shaped leaf, the pole is covered with
primitive male flowers, without petals or without sepals, in fact,
nothing more than simple stamens. Below them are rudimentary female
flowers consisting of unadorned pistils. Certain Midges and Flies are
attracted into the leaf cavity of the plant by the store of sweets at
its bottom. Traveling down the pole, these would-be feasters readily
pass the guardian hairs just above the stamens, pass the stamens
themselves and unintentionally fertilize the pistils with pollen they
have picked up on other marauding expeditions. Having partaken of
honey, the Flies seek to escape, but now find the way barred by the
down-pointing hairs which have bristled up in a militant manner. The
insects must stay until the plant decides to release them, which is
never until the stamens have ripened and showered them with a fresh
supply of pollen.
The Orchids are among the most beautiful and extraordinary flowers
in the world. Their noteworthy development has come about through
their efforts to secure abundant and efficient insect fertilization.
So certain are their methods that they ordinarily do not require the
services of more than one stamen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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