Transcriber's Note: Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. PERU IN THE GUANO AGE. OXFORD: BY E. PICKARD HALL AND J. H. STACY, PRINTERS TO THE UNIVERSITY. PERU IN THE GUANO AGE BEING A SHORT ACCOUNT OF A RECENT VISIT TO THE GUANO DEPOSITS WITH SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE MONEY THEY HAVE PRODUCED AND THE USES TO WHICH IT HAS BEEN APPLIED BY A. J. DUFFIELD LONDON RICHARD BENTLEY AND SON Publishers in Ordinary to Her Majesty the Queen 1877 DEDICATORY LETTER. Á Señor Don Juan Espinosa y de Maldonado, _Estimado y distinguido Amigo mio_: It would be most pleasant to continue this letter in the language in which it begins and which you taught me some five and twenty years ago, but I wish others to read it as well as yourself. I dedicate this little book to you for several reasons: not because of our common friendship, extending now over more than a quarter of a century, nor yet for the confidence which you have reposed in me under many trying circumstances during that long period, but rather because you are much interested in the country which the book describes, are intimately acquainted with all the questions it raises, and more than all because you have a thorough knowledge of Peru--its people and history;--because further, it was you who first taught me how to regard your countrymen, opened my eyes to their good and other qualities, and because also you know that here I have set down nought in malice, have said nothing that you do not know to be true, and drawn no inference from the facts of past times or the doings of living men which you would not sanction and endorse. With one exception. I am quite aware that you do not share in what I have said at page 118, but this is not my own opinion--it is the candidly expressed view of the leading men of Lima. I know that you have always insisted upon Peru paying her debts, not merely because you well know that she can pay quite easily, but also because the effect on the moral life of the country, if she should prove a defaulter, will be most disastrous. It is pitiable beyond the power of human expression to find a single thoughtful Peruvian holding a contrary opinion.