But it was not to be, and Philip made the best of it without exhibiting disappointment. In vain Renard wrote to the emperor that as soon as Philip’s back was turned the fires of persecution would recommence in England; Charles would wait no longer, and peremptorily ordered his son to come to Flanders. On August 26 Mary accompanied her husband to Greenwich, where he took leave of her three days later. The queen was in deep affliction, but she bore up before the spectators of the scene. With one close embrace she bade the king farewell, but so long as the boat in which he went to Gravesend remained in sight from the windows of the palace, the unhappy queen, her eyes overflowing with tears, watched the receding form of her husband, who on his part continued to wave his hand as a signal of adieu, a quiet, courteous gentleman to the last, though his heart must have been heavy with disappointment, and his crafty brain full of plans for remedying it. CHAPTER IV Philip in favour of a moderate policy in England--His attitude towards religion generally--He requests armed aid from England against the French--The emperor’s embarrassments in Italy--Alba made Philip’s viceroy in Italy--Factions in Philip’s court--Ruy Gomez and Alba--The emperor’s abdication--Philip’s changed position--His attitude towards the papacy--The Spanish Church--Pope Paul IV. and the Spaniards in Italy--Excommunication of Philip--Invasion of Rome by Alba--Philip’s second visit to England. Before Philip left England he drew up for the guidance of the queen and council full instructions for the administration of affairs. Minutes were sent to him of the proceedings of the meetings of the council, upon which, as was his custom during the rest of his life, he made exhaustive notes and comments.