Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
agreeable union and conjunction in the several parts of Metal or Stone;
and these retentive or consistent motions, are as strong and active,
if not more, then some dilative or contractive motions; for I have
mentioned heretofore, that, as sensitive and rational corporeal motions
are in all Creatures, so also in Stone, Metal, and any other dense body
whatsoever; so that not any one Creature or part of Matter is without
Motion, and therefore not any thing is at rest. But, _Madam_, I dare
say, I could bring more reason and sense to prove, that sensitive and
rational Matter is fuller of activity, and has more variety of motion,
and can change its own parts of self-moving Matter more suddenly, and
into more exterior figures, then Immaterial Spirits can do upon natural
Matter. But your _Author_ says, That Immaterial Spirits are endued with
Sense and Reason; I say, My sensitive and rational corporeal Matter
is Sense and Reason it self, and is the Architect or Creator of all
figures of Natural matter, for though all the parts of Matter are not
self-moving, yet there is not any part that is not moving or moved, by
and with the mover, which is animate matter. And thus I conclude, and
rest constantly,
Madam,
_Your Faithful Friend_
_and Servant._
[1] _Of the Immortality of the Soul, l._ 1. _c._ 7.
XIII.
_MADAM,_
That Matter is uncapable of Sense, your _Author_ proves by the example
of dead Carcasses;[1] _For,_ says he, _Motion and Sense being really
one and the same thing, it must needs follow, that where there is
motion, there is also sense and perception; but on the contrary, there
is Reaction in dead Carcasses, and yet no Sense._ I answer shortly,
That it is no consequence, because there is no animal sense nor
exterior perceptible local motion in a dead Carcass, therefore there
is no sense at all in it; for though it has not animal sense, yet it
may nevertheless have sense according to the nature of that figure,
into which it did change from being an animal. Also he says, _If any
Matter have sense, it will follow, that upon reaction all shall have
the like; and that a Bell while it is ringing, and a Bow while it is
bent, and every Jack-in-a-box, that School-boys play with, shall be
living animals._ I answer, It is true, if reaction made sense; but
reaction doth not make sense, but sense makes reaction; and though the
Bell hath not an animal knowledg, yet it may have a mineral life and
knowledg, and the Bow, and the Jack-in-a-box a vegetable knowledg; for
the shape and form of the Bell, Bow, and Jack-in-a-box, is artificial;
nevertheless each in its own kind may have as much knowledg as an
animal in his kind; onely they are different according to the different
proprieties of their Figures: And who can prove the contrary that they
have not? For certainly Man cannot prove what he cannot know; but Mans
nature is so, that knowing but little of other Creatures, he presently
judges there is no more knowledg in Nature, then what Man, at least
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