Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
Your _Author_ denying that Fancy, Reason and Animadversion are
seated in the Brain, and that the Brain is figured into this or that
Conception:[1] _I demand_, says he, _in what knot, loop or interval
thereof doth this faculty of free Fancy and active Reason reside?_ My
answer is, that in my opinion, Fancy and Reason are not made in the
Brain, as there is a Brain, but as there is sensitive and rational
matter, which makes not onely the Brain, but all Thoughts, Conceptions,
Imaginations, Fancy, Understanding, Memory, Remembrance, and whatsoever
motions are in the Head, or Brain: neither doth this sensitive and
rational matter remain or act in one place of the Brain, but in every
part thereof; and not onely in every part of the Brain, but in every
part of the Body; nay, not onely in every part of a Mans Body, but in
every part of Nature. But, _Madam_, I would ask those, that say the
Brain has neither sense, reason, nor self-motion, and therefore no
Perception; but that all proceeds from an Immaterial Principle, as an
Incorporeal Spirit, distinct from the body, which moveth and actuates
corporeal matter; I would fain ask them, I say, where their Immaterial
Ideas reside, in what part or place of the Body? and whether they be
little or great? Also I would ask them, whether there can be many, or
but one Idea of God? If they say many, then there must be several,
distinct Deitical Ideas; if but one, Where doth this Idea reside? If
they say in the head, then the heart is ignorant of God; if in the
heart, then the head is ignorant thereof, and so for all parts of the
body; but if they say, in every part, then that Idea may be disfigured
by a lost member; if they say, it may dilate and contract, then I say
it is not the Idea of God, for God can neither contract nor extend;
nor can the Idea it self dilate and contract, being immaterial; for
contraction and dilation belong onely to bodies, or material beings:
Wherefore the comparisons betwixt Nature and a particular Creature, and
between God and Nature, are improper; much more betwixt God and Natures
particular motions and figures, which are various and changeable,
although methodical. The same I may ask of the Mind of Man, as I do of
the Idea in the Mind. Also I might ask them, what they conceive the
natural mind of man to be, whether material or immaterial? If material,
their opinion is rational, and so the mind is dividable and composable;
if immaterial, then it is a Spirit; and if a Spirit, it cannot possibly
dilate nor contract, having no dimension nor divisibility of parts,
(although your _Author_ proves it by the example of Light; but I have
exprest my meaning heretofore, that _light_ is divisible) and if it
have no dimension, how can it be confined in a material body? Wherefore
when your _Author_ says, the mind is a substance, it is to my reason
very probable; but not when he says, it is an immaterial substance,
which will never agree with my sense and reason; for it must be either
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