Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
Spirit and Body are things of contrary Natures. In fine, I cannot
conceive, how a Spirit should fill up a place or space, having no body,
nor how it can have the effects of a body, being none it self; for the
effects flow from the cause; and as the cause is, so are its effects:
And so confessing my ignorance, I can say no more, but rest,
Madam,
_Your Faithful Friend_
_and Servant._
[1] _Antid. lib._ 2. _ch._ 2.
XXII.
_MADAM,_
Your _Author_ having assigned Indivisibility to the Soul or Spirit that
moves and actuates matter, I desire to know, how one Indivisible Spirit
can be in so many dividable parts? For there being Infinite parts in
Nature, they must either have one Infinite Spirit to move them, which
must be dilated infinitely, or this Spirit must move severally in
every part of Nature: If the first, then I cannot conceive, but all
motion must be uniform, or after one and the same manner; nay, I cannot
understand, how there can be any dilation and contraction, or rather
any motion of the same spirit, by reason if it dilate, then, (being
equally spread out in all the parts of Matter,) it must dilate beyond
Matter; and if it contract, it must leave some parts of matter void,
and without motion. But if the Spirit moves every part severally, then
he is divisible; neither can I think, that there are so many Spirits
as there are Parts in Nature; for your _Author_ says, there is but
one Spirit of Nature; I will give an easie and plain example: When a
Worm is cut into two or three parts, we see there is sensitive life
and motion in every part, for every part will strive and endeavour
to meet and joyn again to make up the whole body; now if there were
but one indivisible Life, Spirit, and Motion, I would fain know, how
these severed parts could move all by one Spirit. Wherefore, Matter,
in my opinion, has self-motion in it self, which is the onely soul
and life of Nature, and is dividable as well as composable, and full
of variety of action; for it is as easie for several parts to act
in separation, as in composition, and as easie in composition as in
separation; Neither is every part bound to one kind or sort of Motions;
for we see in exterior local motions, that one man can put his body
into several shapes and postures, much more can Nature. But is it not
strange, _Madam_, that a man accounts it absurd, ridiculous, and a
prejudice to Gods Omnipotency, to attribute self-motion to Matter,
or a material Creature, when it is not absurd, ridiculous, or any
prejudice to God, to attribute it to an Immaterial Creature? What
reason of absurdity lies herein? Surely I can conceive none, except
it be absurd and ridiculous to make that, which no man can know or
conceive what it is, _viz._ an immaterial natural Spirit, (which is
as much as to say, a natural No-thing) to have motion, and not onely
motion, but self-motion; nay, not onely self-motion, but to move,
actuate, rule, govern, and guide Matter, or corporeal Nature, and to
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