Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
rather to be a troubler, then an assistant to Nature, producing more
Monsters then perfect Creatures; nay, it rather doth shut the Gates
of Truth, then unlock the Gates of Nature: For how can Art inform us
of Nature, when as it is but an effect of Nature? You may say, The
cause cannot be better known then by its effect; for the knowledg of
the effect, leads us to the knowledg of the cause. I answer, 'Tis
true: but you will consider, that Nature is an Infinite cause, and has
Infinite effects; and if you knew all the Infinite effects in nature,
then perhaps you might come to some knowledg of the cause; but to know
nature by one single effect, as art is, is impossible; nay, no man
knows this particular effect as yet perfectly; For who is he, that has
studied the art of fire so, as to produce all that this art may be able
to afford? witness the Philosophers-stone. Besides, how is it possible
to find out the onely cause by so numerous variations of the effects?
Wherefore it is more easie, in my opinion, to know the various effects
in Nature by studying the Prime cause, then by the uncertain study of
the inconstant effects to arrive to the true knowledg of the prime
cause; truly it is much easier to walk in a Labyrinth without a Guide,
then to gain a certain knowledg in any one art or natural effect,
without Nature her self be the guide, for Nature is the onely Mistress
and cause of all, which, as she has made all other effects, so she
has also made arts for varieties sake; but most men study Chymistry
more for imployment, then for profit; not but that I believe, there
may be some excellent Medicines found out and made by that art, but
the expence and labour is more then the benefit; neither are all those
Medicines sure and certain, nor in all diseases safe; neither can
this art produce so many medicines as there are several diseases in
Nature, and for the Universal Medicine, and the Philosophers-stone or
Elixir, which Chymists brag of so much; it consists rather in hope
and expectation, then in assurance; for could Chymists find it out,
they would not be so poor, as most commonly they are, but richer then
_Solomon_ was, or any Prince in the World, and might have done many
famous acts with the supply of their vast Golden Treasures, to the
eternal and immortal fame of their Art; nay, Gold being the Idol of
this world, they would be worshipped as well for the sake of Gold, as
for their splendorous Art; but how many have endeavored and laboured
in vain and without any effect? _Gold is easier to be made, then to be
destroyed_, says your _Author,_[7] but I believe one is as difficult or
impossible, nay more, then the other; for there is more probability of
dissolving or destroying a natural effect by Art, then of generating
or producing one; for Art cannot go beyond her sphere of activity, she
can but produce an artificial effect, and Gold is a natural Creature;
neither were it Justice, that a particular creature of Nature should
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