Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
move another, then most part of natural Creatures, which are counted
immoveable of themselves, or inanimate, and destitute of self-motion,
must be moved by a forced or violent, and not by a natural motion; for
all motion that proceeds from an external agent or moving power, is
not natural, but forced, onely self-motion is natural; and then one
thing moving another in this manner, we must at last proceed to such
a thing which is not moved by another, but hath motion in it self,
and moves all others; and, perhaps, since man, and the rest of animals
have self-motion, it might be said, that the motions of all other
inanimate Creatures, as they call them, doth proceed from them; but man
being so proud, ambitious, and self-conceited, would soon exclude all
other animals, and adscribe this power onely to himself, especially
since he thinks himself onely endued with Reason, and to have this
prerogative above all the rest, as to be the sole rational Creature
in the World. Thus you see, _Madam_, what confusion, absurdity, and
constrained work will follow from the opinion of denying self-motion,
and so consequently, life and sense to natural Creatures. But I, having
made too long a digression, will return to your _Authors_ discourse:
And as for that he says, _A dead Carcass burns by the proper action of
the fire_, I answer, That if the dissolving motions of the fire be too
strong for the consistent motions of that body which fire works upon,
then fire is the cause of its alteration; but if the consistent motions
of the body be too strong for the dissolving motions of the fire, then
the fire can make no alteration in it. Again: he says, _Calx vive, at
long as it remains dry, it gnaws not a dead Carcass; but it presently
gnaws live flesh, and makes an escharre; and a dead carcass is by lime
wholly resolved into a liquor, and is combibed, except the bone and
gristle thereof; but it doth not consume live flesh into a liquor,
but translates it into an escharre_. I will say no more to this, but
that I have fully enough declared my opinion before, that the actions
or motions of life alter in that which is named a dead Carcass, from
what they were in that which is called a Living body; but although
the actions of Life alter, yet life is not gone or annihilated; for
life is life, and remains full the same, but the actions or motions of
life change and differ in every figure; and this is the cause that the
actions of Fire, Time, and _Calx-vive_, have not the same effects in a
dead Carcass, as in a living Body; for the difference of their figures,
and their different motions, produce different effects in them; and
this is the cause, that one and the same fire doth not burn or act
upon all bodies alike: for some it dissolves, and some not; and some
it hardens, and some it consumes; and some later, some sooner: For put
things of several natures into the same Fire, and you will see how they
will burn, or how fire will act upon them after several manners; so
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