Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
Chrystalline, shining with a proper splendor, or a splendor of its own,
but in another cloudy part it was rouled up as it were in the husk of
it self; which whether it had any splendor of it self, I could not
discern, by reason of the superlative brightness of the Chrystal Spirit
contain'd within._ Whereupon he defines _the Soul_ to be _a Spirit,
beloved of God, homogeneal, simple, immortal, created into the Image
of God, one onely Being, whereto death adds nothing, or takes nothing
from it, which may be natural or proper to it in the Essence of its
simplicity._ As for this definition of the Soul, it may be true, for
any thing I know: but when your _Author_ makes the divine Soul to be a
Light, I cannot conceive how that can agree; for Light is a Natural and
Visible Creature, and, in my opinion, a corporeal substance; whereas
the Soul is immaterial and incorporeal: But be it, that Light is not a
substance, but a neutral Creature, according to your _Author_; then,
nevertheless the Immortal Soul cannot be said to be a light, because
she is a substance. He may say,[2] The Soul is an Incomprehensible
Light. But if the Soul be Incomprehensible, how then doth he know that
she is a light, and not onely a light, but a glorious and splendorous
light? You will say, By a Dream, or Vision. Truly, _Madam_, to judg
any thing by a Dream, is a sign of a weak judgment. Nay, since your
_Author_ calls the soul constantly a light; if it were so, and that
it were such a splendorous, bright and shining light, as he says;
then when the body dies, and the soul leaves its Mansion, it would
certainly be seen, when it issues out of the body. But your _Author_
calls the Soul a _Spiritual Substance_, and yet he says, she has _an
homogeneal body, actively seeing and shining with a proper splendor
of her own_; which how it can agree, I leave to you to judg; for I
thought, an Immaterial spirit and a body were too opposite things, and
now I see, your _Author_ makes Material and Immaterial, Spiritual and
Corporeal, all one. But this is not enough, but he allows it a Figure
too, and that of a humane shape; for says he, I _could never consider
the Thingliness of the Immortal Mind with an Individual existence,
deprived of all figure, neither but that it at least would answer to
a humane shape_; but the Scripture, as much as is known to me, never
doth express any such thing of the Immortal Soul, and I should be loth
to believe any more thereof then it declares. The Apostles, although
they were conversant with Christ, and might have known it better, yet
were never so inquisitive into the nature of the Soul, as our Modern
divine Philosophers are; for our Saviour, and they, regarded more the
salvation of Man's Soul, and gave holy and wise Instructions rather,
how to live piously and conformably to God's Will, to gain eternal
Life, then that they should discourse either of the Essence or Figure,
or Proprieties of the Soul, and whether it was a light, or any thing
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