Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
to himself, but is the Glass of an uncreated Light_: Which, to my
apprehension, seems to affirm, That Angels are the Looking-glasses
of God; a pretty Poetical Fancy, but not grounded on the Scripture:
for the Scripture doth not express any such thing of them, but onely
that they are[5] _Ministring Spirits sent forth to minister for them
who shall be heirs of Salvation_: Which, I think, is enough for us to
know here, and leave the rest until we come to enjoy their company in
Heaven. But it is not to be admired, that those, which pretend to know
the Nature and Secrets of God, should not have likewise knowledg of
Supernatural Creatures; In which conceit I leave them, and rest,
Madam,
_Your real and faithful_
_Friend and Servant._
[1] _Ch._ Of the Image of the Soul.
[2] _Ch._ Of the Magnetick cure of wounds.
[3] Of the seat of the Soul.
[4] _Ch._ Of the Image of the Mind.
[5] _Heb._ 11. 14.
XXV.
_MADAM,_
Reason and Intellect are two different things to your _Author_;[1]
for _Intellect_, says he, _doth properly belong to the Immortal Soul,
as being a Formal Light, and the very substance of the Soul it self,
wherein the Image of God onely consists; But Reason is an uncertain,
frail faculty of the Mortal Soul, and doth in no ways belong, nor has
any communion with the Intellect of the Mind._ Which seems to me, as
if your _Author_ did make some difference between the Divine, and
the Natural Soul in Man, although he doth not plainly declare it in
the same Terms; for that which I name the Divine Soul, is to him the
Immortal Mind, Intellect, or Understanding, and the Seat of the Image
of God; but the Natural Soul he calls the Frail, Mortal, and Rational
Soul; and as Understanding is the Essence of the Immortal, so Reason
is to him the Essence of the Mortal Soul; which Reason he attributes
not only to Man, but also to Brutes: For _Reason and Discourse_, says
he, _do not obscurely flourish and grow in brute Beasts, for an aged
Fox is more crafty then a younger one by rational discourse_; and
again, _That the Rational Part of the Soul doth belong to brutes, is
without doubt_: Wherein he rightly dissents from those, which onely
do attribute a sensitive Soul to brutes; and Reason to none but Man,
whom therefore they call a Rational Creature, and by this Rational
Faculty do distinguish him from the rest of Animals. And thus I
perceive the difference betwixt your _Authors_ opinion, and theirs,
is, That other Philosophers commonly do make the Rational soul, to be
partly that which I call the supernatural and divine Soul, as onely
belonging to man, and bearing the Image of God, not acknowledging any
other Natural, but a Sensitive soul in the rest of Animals, and a
Vegetative soul in Vegetables; and these three souls, or faculties,
operations, or degrees, (call them what you will, for we shall not
fall out about names,) concurr and joyn together in Man; but the
rest of all Creatures, are void and destitute of Life, as well as of
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