Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
I cannot well conceive what your _Author_ means by the _Common Laws of
Nature_;[1] But if you desire my opinion how many Laws Nature hath,
and what they are; I say Nature hath but One Law, which is a wise Law,
to keep Infinite matter in order, and to keep so much Peace, as not to
disturb the Foundation of her Government: for though Natures actions
are various, and so many times opposite, which would seem to make
wars between several Parts, yet those active Parts, being united into
one Infinite body, cannot break Natures general Peace; for that which
Man names War, Sickness, Sleep, Death, and the like, are but various
particular actions of the onely matter; not, as your _Author_ imagines,
in a confusion, like Bullets, or such like things juggled together in a
mans Hat, but very orderly and methodical; And the Playing motions of
nature are the actions of Art, but her serious actions are the actions
of Production, Generation and Transformation in several kinds, sorts
and particulars of her Creatures, as also the action of ruling and
governing these her several active Parts. Concerning the Pre-eminence
and Prerogative of _Man_, whom your _Author_ calls[2] _The flower and
chief of all the products of nature upon this Globe of the earth_; I
answer, That Man cannot well be judged of himself, because he is a
Party, and so may be Partial; But if we observe well, we shall find
that the Elemental Creatures are as excellent as Man, and as able to
be a friend or foe to Man, as Man to them, and so the rest of all
Creatures; so that I cannot perceive more abilities in Man then in the
rest of natural Creatures; for though he can build a stately House, yet
he cannot make a Honey-comb; and though he can plant a Slip, yet he
cannot make a Tree; though he can make a Sword, or Knife, yet he cannot
make the Mettal. And as Man makes use of other Creatures, so other
Creatures make use of Man, as far as he is good for any thing: But Man
is not so useful to his neighbour or fellow-creatures, as his neighbour
or fellow-creatures to him, being not so profitable for use, as apt to
make spoil. And so leaving him, I rest,
Madam,
_Your faithful Friend_
_and Servant._
[1] _Antid. Book._ 2. _c._ 2.
[2] _C._ 3.
VI.
_MADAM,_
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