Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
of Infinite parts; and that each one of these Infinite parts in number
may be finite in substance or figure, is no contradiction, but very
probable and rational; nay, I think it rather absurd to say that each
part is infinite; for then there would be no difference betwixt parts
and whole, as I said before. Onely this is to be observed, that the
Infinite whole is Infinite in substance or bulk, but the parts are
Infinite in number, and not in bulk, for each part is circumscribed,
and finite in its exterior figure and substance. But mistake me not,
when I speak of circumscribed and finite single parts; for I do not
mean, that each part doth subsist single and by it self, there being no
such thing as an absolute single part in Nature, but Infinite Matter
being by self-motion divided into an infinite number of parts, all
these parts have so near a relation to each other, and to the infinite
whole, that one cannot subsist without the other; for the Infinite
parts in number do make the Infinite whole, and the Infinite whole
consists in the Infinite number of parts; wherefore it is onely their
figures which make a difference betwixt them; for each part having its
proper figure different from the other, which is circumscribed and
limited, it is called a finite single part; and such a part cannot
be said Infinitely dividable, for infinite composition and division
belong onely to the Infinite body of Nature, which being infinite in
substance may also be infinitely divided, but not a finite and single
part: Besides, Infinite composition doth hinder the Infinite division,
and Infinite division hinders the Infinite composition; so that one
part cannot be either infinitely composed, or infinitely divided;
and it is one thing to be dividable, and another to be divided. And
thus, when your _Author_ mentions in another place,[2] That _if a
body be divisible into Infinite Parts, it hath an Infinite number of
extended parts:_ If by extension he mean corporeal dimension, I am of
his opinion; for there is no part, be it never so little in Nature,
but is material; and if material, it has a body; and if a body, it
must needs have a bodily dimension; and so every part will be an
extended part: but since there is no part but is finite in its self,
it cannot be divisible into infinite parts; neither can any part be
infinitely dilated or contracted; for as composition and division do
hinder and obstruct each other from running into Infinite, so doth
dilation hinder the Infinite contraction, and contraction the Infinite
dilation, which, as I said before, causes a mean betwixt Nature's
actions; nevertheless, there are Infinite dilations and contractions in
Nature, because there are Infinite contracted and dilated parts, and so
are infinite divisions because there are infinite divided parts; but
contraction, dilation, extension, composition, division, and the like,
are onely Nature's several actions; and as there can be no single part
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