Philosophical transactions, Vol. L. Part II. For the year 1758.: Giving some account of the present undertakings, studies, and labours, of the ingenious, in many considerable parts of the world.Various
History
Philosophical transactions, Vol. L. Part II. For the year 1758.: Giving some account of the present undertakings, studies, and labours, of the ingenious, in many considerable parts of the world.
Various
Science -- Periodicals
It was not now my business to examine into the particular qualities of
every kind of glass that I could come at, much less to amuse myself
with conjectures about the cause, but to fix upon such two sorts
as their difference was the greatest; which I soon found to be the
crown, and the white flint or crystal. I therefore ground a wedge of
white flint of about 25 degrees, and another of crown of about 29
degrees, which refracted nearly alike; but their divergency of the
colours was very different. I then ground several others of crown to
different angles, till I got one, which was equal, with respect to the
divergency of the light, to that in the white flint: for when they were
put together, so as to refract in contrary directions, the refracted
light was intirely free from colour. Then measuring the refractions
of each wedge, I found that of the white glass to be to that of the
crown nearly as 2 to 3; and this proportion would hold very nearly in
all small angles. Wherefore any two wedges made in this proportion,
and applied together, so as to refract in a contrary direction, would
refract the light without any difference of refrangibility.
To make therefore two spherical glasses, that shall refract the light
in contrary directions, it is easy to understand, that one must be
concave, and the other convex; and as the rays are to converge to a
real focus, the excess of refraction must evidently be in the convex;
and as the convex is to refract most, it appears from the experiment,
that it must be made with crown glass, and the concave with white flint
glass.
And further, as the refractions of spherical glasses are in an inverse
ratio of their focal distances; it follows, that the focal distances
of the two glasses should be inversely as the ratio’s of the fractions
of the wedges: for being thus proportioned, every ray of light, that
passes thro’ this combined glass, at whatever distance it may pass from
its axe, will constantly be refracted, by the difference between two
contrary refractions, in the proportion required; and therefore the
different refrangibility of the light will be intirely removed.
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