smallest star disks are almost perfectly round near the center of the
plate, and from 2´´ to 3´´ in diameter.
The star images are practically round over a field at least 1 inch or 16´
in diameter. Farther from the center they become parabolic, but they are
quite good over the entire plate, 3-1/4 by 4-1/4 inches.
From these statements it will be seen that small irregularities in driving
no longer present any difficulties. But certain irregular motions of the
image still take place occasionally, and so far it has not been possible
entirely to prevent their occurrence.
It was found that the declination clamp (the long slow-motion handle
attached to which is shown in the illustration) was not sufficiently
powerful to hold the telescope firmly during a long exposure. A screw
clamp was therefore added, which forces the toothed-declination sector
strongly against an iron block just behind it, thus restoring, I think,
the original arrangement of the declination clamp as designed by Dr.
Common. This clamp holds the tube very firmly.
The irregularities to which I have referred consist in sudden and
unexpected jumps of the image, which always occur some time after the
telescope has passed the meridian. These jumps are sometimes quite
large--as much as one-sixteenth of an inch or 1. They are due to two
causes: flexure of the tube, and sliding of the mirror on its bed. When
the jump is due to sudden changes of flexure, the image moves very
quickly, and vibrates before it comes to rest in its new position, and at
the same time there is often heard a slight ringing sound from the tension
rods of the tube. There seems to be no remedy for the sudden motions of
this class. The tension rods are set up as tightly as possible without
endangering the threads at their ends or buckling the large corner tubes.
A round telescope tube, made of spirally-wound steel ribbon riveted at the
crossings, would probably be better than the square tube now in use.
Jumps due to shifting of the mirror are characterized by a gentle, gliding
motion. They can be remedied, in part, at least, by tightening the copper
bands which pass around the circumference of the mirror within its cell.
This will be done the next time the mirror is resilvered.
All that the observer can do when a jump occurs is to bring back the image
as quickly as possible to the intersection of the cross-wires. If all the
stars on the plate are faint, no effect will be produced on the
photograph; but stars of the eighth magnitude or brighter will leave short
trails. The nebula, if there is one on the plate, will, of course, be
unaffected.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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